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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Medical College of Wisconsin | OTHER |
| Veterans of Foreign Wars USA | OTHER |
| Vietnam Veterans of America | UNKNOWN |
| National Association of Black Veterans |
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The primary purpose of this project is to establish the efficacy of a novel peer support intervention to reduce hypertension among members of veteran service organizations (VSOs). Specifically, we plan to demonstrate that veterans participating in a peer support intervention, as opposed to a purely didactic educational program, will have better blood pressure (BP) control, increased engagement in blood pressure lowering activities (such as exercise), and a more active stance as patients.
IMPACT ON VETERANS HEALTH It is anticipated that this intervention will help participating veterans achieve optimal hypertension (HTN) control. Doing so will reduce their risks for heart disease and stroke, and improve their quality of life. It is hoped that the collaborative nature of this intervention will strengthen the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)'s ties to the veteran community, and establish important "partnerships for health." If successful, this intervention could serve as a model for managing chronic disease both within and outside the VA system.
BACKGROUND/RATIONALE Despite consensus that effective hypertension treatment reduces morbidity and mortality, many patients in the United States continue to have suboptimal blood pressure control. Even with the provider resources and motivated patients inherent in a randomized clinical trial, over a third of patients participating in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) were not at their goal blood pressure of 140/90 after five years. Similarly, within the Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 12 we have found that as many as 30% of patients with hypertension are above the target BP of 140/90, despite routine physician reminders to patients who are above these goals. Moreover, preliminary results of an internally funded randomized trial suggest minimal impact of further physician-focused interventions to reduce patients' blood pressure.
OBJECTIVES We will have two primary objectives. First, because the intervention proposed is novel, we believe we need to demonstrate its efficacy in a methodologically rigorous fashion. Specifically we plan to demonstrate that veterans participating in a peer support intervention will have improved blood pressure control, knowledge of blood pressure treatment, both generally and for themselves, and a more active stance as patients.
Second, we will carefully examine the process by which our intervention achieves these goals, including examining such key structural variables as the frequency of peer support meetings, attendance of participants at these meetings, and use of healthcare professional support by the group leaders. As part of this second objective, we also seek to understand the fidelity with which the peer leaders are to deliver the intervention, and the satisfaction of both support group participants and leaders with the intervention.
METHODS There are three primary activities in the present project.
First, academicians from the Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center (VAMC) are working with the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) and other community groups to develop a community-academic partnership that follows the principles of community-based participatory research. This key activity is underway and will continue beyond the present period of funding. Second, the centerpiece of the present grant is a cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) of the use of peer-led support groups to improve BP control in patients with hypertension. Fifty posts drawn from the VFW, American Legion, Vietnam Veterans Association, and National Association of Black Veterans will be randomly assigned to receive professionally delivered education regarding hypertension or to a peer support intervention. The third activity is an evaluation of the processes involved in delivering the peer support intervention that will allow for successful replication, or to provide insight into why the expected improvement in BP control did not occur.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Led | Experimental | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Two post members trained as peer leaders who encourage post members to take positive steps to improve BP. Peer leader training involves 20 hours of training over 12 months, telephone/email access to clinical experts and educational materials to share with post members. |
|
| Seminar | Active Comparator | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Post members, including study participants invited to didactic sessions on cardiovascular health. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Led | Behavioral | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Two post members trained as peer leaders who encourage post members to take positive steps to improve BP. Peer leader training involves 20 hours of training over 12 months, telephone/email access to clinical experts and educational materials to share with post members. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Systolic Blood Pressure | Mean/Standard Error (SE) change in systolic blood pressure | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure | Mean/SE change in diastolic blood pressure | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Weight | Mean/SE change in weight, measured in pounds (lbs) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeffrey C Whittle, MD MPH | Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | 53295-1000 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23804172 | Background | Rosenwald K, Ertl K, Fletcher KE, Whittle J. Patterns of arthritis medication use in a community sample. J Prim Care Community Health. 2012 Oct 1;3(4):272-7. doi: 10.1177/2150131912442388. Epub 2012 Apr 4. | |
| 21881418 | Background | Patterson L, Morzinski J, Ertl K, Wurm C, Hayes A, Whittle J. Engaging community-based veterans' organizations in health promotion programs. Fam Community Health. 2011 Oct-Dec;34(4):311-8. doi: 10.1097/FCH.0b013e31822b5425. |
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Posts had to identify two potential peer leaders to be eligible for the trial. The post membership voted on whether to participate, even though many would not be followed as study members. All enrollment activities occurred before posts were assigned to an intervention. All participants within a post received the assigned intervention.
We wrote letters to posts located within 60 miles of the study hospital and followed up with a phone call to arrange for an in-person presentation. Before and after the presentation, we measured blood pressures and asked about diagnoses of hypertension. We scheduled individual appointments with potential subjects to confirm eligibility and consent.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Peer Led | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Two post members trained as peer leaders who encourage post members to take positive steps to improve BP. Peer leader training involves 20 hours of training over 12 months, telephone/email access to clinical experts and educational materials to share with post members. |
| FG001 | Seminar | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Post members, including study participants invited to didactic sessions on cardiovascular health. Two or more post representatives (who were also post members) coordinated use of equipment and encouraged members to attend the didactic sessions. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Peer Led | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Two post members trained as peer leaders who encourage post members to take positive steps to improve BP. Peer leader training involves 20 hours of training over 12 months, telephone/email access to clinical experts and educational materials to share with post members. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Systolic Blood Pressure | Mean/Standard Error (SE) change in systolic blood pressure | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | mm Hg | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
2 years (2009-2011)
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Peer Led | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Two post members trained as peer leaders who encourage post members to take positive steps to improve BP. Peer leader training involves 20 hours of training over 12 months, telephone/email access to clinical experts and educational materials to share with post members. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jeff Whittle, MD, MPH | Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center | 414-384-2000 | 46444 | jeffrey.whittle@va.gov |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D010358 | Patient Participation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010166 | Palliative Care |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
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| UNKNOWN |
| Korea Veterans of America, Inc. | OTHER |
| Disabled American Veterans | OTHER |
| AmVETS | UNKNOWN |
| Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America | OTHER |
| The American Legion Department of Wisconsin | OTHER |
| Wisconsin Elks Association (a branch of The Benevolent and Protective order of Elks of the United States of America) | UNKNOWN |
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|
|
| Seminar | Behavioral | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Post members, including study participants invited to didactic sessions on cardiovascular health. |
|
|
| 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in BMI | Mean/SE change in Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Health Status | Response to the question "How would you rate your general health status?". Response options are scored as follows.
| 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Time Since Last Physician Visit | Change in mean # of months since last visit to a physician | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Non-Clinic Blood Pressure Checks | % reporting non-clinic blood pressure (BP) checks at least once a month | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Number of Blood Pressure Medications | Change in mean # of prescription blood pressure medications | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Hypertension Knowledge | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Hypertension Evaluation of Lifestyle and Management (HELM) Construct: Knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle factors related to hypertension Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 14 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Hypertension Attitudes | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Not applicable; series of agree/disagree statements that we wrote Construct: Attitudes around blood pressure diagnosis, treatment (including lifestyle changes), and seriousness of the condition Minimum Score: 12 Maximum Score: 60 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Satisfaction With Blood Pressure Treatment | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Modified Holmes-Ravnor Satisfaction with Decision (SWD) Construct: Satisfaction with current blood pressure treatment Minimum Score: 1 Maximum Score: 5 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better (NOTE: Original instrument's scoring is reversed; i.e., higher is better) | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Alcohol Use | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Construct: Alcohol use and abuse Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 12 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Sodium Intake | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Hopkins Dietary Questionnaire (only the dietary salt avoidance questions) Construct: Dietary sodium intake Minimum Score: 2 Maximum Score: 12 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Physical Activity Level | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) Construct: Total metabolic equivalents (a measure of energy expenditure) in the last 7 days Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: Not applicable; based on physical activity done Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Daily Steps | Mean/SE change in # of steps per day (self report) | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Mean/SE change in # of servings per day; questions taken from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Questionnaire | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Medication Adherence | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Morisky Adherence; questions modified to ask specifically about blood pressure medication Construct: Adherence to prescribed medication-taking regimen Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 4 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Self Efficacy | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Schwarzer General Perceived Self-Efficacy Construct: Perceived self-efficacy Minimum Score: 10 Maximum Score: 40 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Social Support | Mean/SE change in overall score on: Scale: Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey Construct: Overall measure of social support, including tangible, affectionate, positive social interaction, and emotional/informational Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 100 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Health Opinions | Mean/SE change in overall score on: Scale: Krantz Health Opinion Survey Construct: Opinions about healthcare and healthcare providers Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 16 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Patient Activation | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Hibbard Patient Activation Measure (PAM) Construct: Level of patient activation and engagement in health care Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 100 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better (NOTE: Original instrument's scoring is reversed; i.e., higher is better) | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
| 21133786 | Background | Whittle J, Fletcher KE, Morzinski J, Ertl K, Patterson L, Jensen W, Schapira MM. Ethical challenges in a randomized controlled trial of peer education among veterans service organizations. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2010 Dec;5(4):43-51. doi: 10.1525/jer.2010.5.4.43. |
| Background | Shirk J, Fletcher K, Patterson L, Grippen A, Eastwood D, Whittle JC. Peer leader characteristics do not predict their ability to deliver a peer support intervention. [Abstract]. Journal of general internal medicine. 2010 Jul 1; 25(Supple 3):S347. |
| 20443327 | Background | Hayes A, Morzinski J, Ertl K, Wurm C, Patterson L, Wilke N, Whittle J. Preliminary description of the feasibility of using peer leaders to encourage hypertension self-management. WMJ. 2010 Apr;109(2):85-90. |
| 24755206 | Result | Whittle J, Schapira MM, Fletcher KE, Hayes A, Morzinski J, Laud P, Eastwood D, Ertl K, Patterson L, Mosack KE. A randomized trial of peer-delivered self-management support for hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2014 Nov;27(11):1416-23. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu058. Epub 2014 Apr 22. |
| Result | Whittle JC, Hayes A, Eastwood D, Morzinski J, Ertl K, Wurm C. Effect on health behaviors of a health promotion intervention delivered through veterans service organizations. [Abstract]. Journal of general internal medicine. 2010 Jul 1; 25(Supple 3):S264. |
| Withdrawal by Subject |
|
| Moved out of state |
|
| BG001 |
| Seminar |
Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Post members, including study participants invited to didactic sessions on cardiovascular health. Two or more post representatives (who were also post members) coordinated use of equipment and encouraged members to attend the didactic sessions. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Post members, including study participants invited to didactic sessions on cardiovascular health. Two or more post representatives (who were also post members) coordinated use of equipment and encouraged members to attend the didactic sessions.
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure | Mean/SE change in diastolic blood pressure | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | mm Hg | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Weight | Mean/SE change in weight, measured in pounds (lbs) | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | pounds | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in BMI | Mean/SE change in Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | kg/m2 | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Health Status | Response to the question "How would you rate your general health status?". Response options are scored as follows.
| Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale (range 1-5) | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Time Since Last Physician Visit | Change in mean # of months since last visit to a physician | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | months (since last visit) | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Non-Clinic Blood Pressure Checks | % reporting non-clinic blood pressure (BP) checks at least once a month | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Number of Blood Pressure Medications | Change in mean # of prescription blood pressure medications | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | blood pressure medications | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Hypertension Knowledge | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Hypertension Evaluation of Lifestyle and Management (HELM) Construct: Knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle factors related to hypertension Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 14 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Hypertension Attitudes | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Not applicable; series of agree/disagree statements that we wrote Construct: Attitudes around blood pressure diagnosis, treatment (including lifestyle changes), and seriousness of the condition Minimum Score: 12 Maximum Score: 60 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Satisfaction With Blood Pressure Treatment | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Modified Holmes-Ravnor Satisfaction with Decision (SWD) Construct: Satisfaction with current blood pressure treatment Minimum Score: 1 Maximum Score: 5 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better (NOTE: Original instrument's scoring is reversed; i.e., higher is better) | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Alcohol Use | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Construct: Alcohol use and abuse Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 12 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Sodium Intake | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Hopkins Dietary Questionnaire (only the dietary salt avoidance questions) Construct: Dietary sodium intake Minimum Score: 2 Maximum Score: 12 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Physical Activity Level | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) Construct: Total metabolic equivalents (a measure of energy expenditure) in the last 7 days Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: Not applicable; based on physical activity done Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | METS | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Daily Steps | Mean/SE change in # of steps per day (self report) | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | steps per day | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Mean/SE change in # of servings per day; questions taken from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Questionnaire | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | servings of fruits & vegetables per day | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Medication Adherence | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Morisky Adherence; questions modified to ask specifically about blood pressure medication Construct: Adherence to prescribed medication-taking regimen Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 4 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Self Efficacy | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Schwarzer General Perceived Self-Efficacy Construct: Perceived self-efficacy Minimum Score: 10 Maximum Score: 40 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Social Support | Mean/SE change in overall score on: Scale: Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey Construct: Overall measure of social support, including tangible, affectionate, positive social interaction, and emotional/informational Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 100 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Health Opinions | Mean/SE change in overall score on: Scale: Krantz Health Opinion Survey Construct: Opinions about healthcare and healthcare providers Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 16 Interpretation of Score: Higher is better | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Patient Activation | Mean/SE change in score on: Scale: Hibbard Patient Activation Measure (PAM) Construct: Level of patient activation and engagement in health care Minimum Score: 0 Maximum Score: 100 Interpretation of Score: Lower is better (NOTE: Original instrument's scoring is reversed; i.e., higher is better) | Consented, hypertensive members of participating veterans service organizations in SE Wisconsin. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | survey score | 9/16/2008-8/9/2010; baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| 17 |
| 219 |
| 0 |
| 219 |
| EG001 | Seminar | Post provided with blood pressure cuffs, pedometers and scale. Post members, including study participants invited to didactic sessions on cardiovascular health. Two or more post representatives (who were also post members) coordinated use of equipment and encouraged members to attend the didactic sessions. | 8 | 185 | 0 | 185 |
| Hospitalization | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Surgery | Surgical and medical procedures | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Stroke | Vascular disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Blindness | Eye disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Cancer | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| ER Visit | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| D015438 | Health Behavior |