The aims of this study are (1) to examine the effect of smoking reduction intervention (reduction counseling and nicotine replacement therapy, NRT) (a) on smoking cessation and (b) on reducing daily cigarette consumption among smokers not willing to quit smoking but want to reduce smoking, and (2) to examine the effect of adherence intervention in producing a higher (a) adherence rate, (b) reduction rate, and (c) quit rate.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 or above
• Ethnic Chinese male or female
• Smokes at least 2 cigarettes per day
• Have no intention to quit in the near future
• Intends to reduce smoking in the next 7 days
• Has no contraindication to NRT

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who are psychologically or physically unable to communicate
• Children and teenagers (age below 18)
• Pregnant or intention to become pregnant within the next 6 months
• Those on regular psychotropic medications and in the presence of any serious health problems that may make them unsuitable for using NRT, such as recent stroke, palpitation, or other life threatening conditions