This study assesses the efficacy and safety of Viokase® 16 for the correction of steatorrhea (malabsorption of dietary fats) in patients with a history of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) due to chronic pancreatitis (CP) or pancreatectomy. This study is sponsored by Aptalis Pharma (formerly Axcan).

This study is a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study, to assess the efficacy and safety of Viokase® 16 for the correction of steatorrhea in patients with EPI due to CP or pancreatectomy. The study will include the following phases: screening phase (up to 10 days), wash-out phase (6 to 7 days), randomization phase (up to 10 days), and treatment phase (6 to 7 days).

In screening phase, patients will undergo screening procedures prior to entry into the study.

In wash-out phase, stool collection will be performed to allow determination of the baseline CFA.

In randomization phase, patients who qualify for the Treatment Phase (that is, patients who have a CFA% below 80%) will be randomized in the study.

In the treatment phase, patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio (Viokase® 16 or Placebo). In treatment phase, stool collection period will be performed to allow determination of the CFA% that will serve to assess the efficacy of Viokase® 16 for the correction of steatorrhea. Follow-up procedures will be scheduled 7 to 10 days after discharge. Patients who do not show abnormal findings, adverse events or concomitant medications during the treatment phase will be assessed via follow-up telephone call. Patients who show abnormal findings (physical examination, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, adverse events, concomitant medications) during the treatment phase will complete a follow-up visit.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient must be male or female, aged 18-80 years
• Patients must have the ability to provide informed consent
• Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening, must use adequate contraception prior to and during the study and must agree not to attempt to become pregnant during the study; and female patients of non-childbearing potential must be surgically sterile or postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months
• Patients must have a medical condition compatible with EPI such as chronic pancreatitis or partial or total resection of the pancreas
• Patients with CP due to alcohol abuse may be included provided they show no clinical symptoms of recent alcohol consumption and no alcohol withdrawal symptoms
• Patients with CP must have at least one of the following conditions: an abnormal secretin test, diffuse calcification of the pancreas on plain film of the abdomen, an abnormal endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or endoscopic ultrasound, an abnormal computed tomography (CT) (dilated main pancreatic duct, atrophy or calcification of the pancreas) or serum trypsin concentration below 20 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL)
• Patients must have evidence of EPI as demonstrated by a fecal elastase (FE-1) determination equal to or below 100 microgram/gram (mcg/g) of stools (FE-1 ScheBo test) at screening
• Patients must have evidence of EPI as manifested by a CFA% below 80% after the wash-out phase
• Patients must be able to comply with a high-fat diet

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a known hypersensitivity and/or contraindication to any of the study medications, to their excipients, components or to Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD and C) Blue No. 2 dye marker
• Patients with acute pancreatitis or with an acute exacerbation of CP at screening or within the last 2 weeks before screening
• Patients with any active or recurrent malignant pancreatic tumor
• Patients with a history of significant bowel resection
• Patients with a dysmotility disorder
• Patients with insufficient body mass (body mass index less than 18)
• Patient not willing to be off therapeutic doses for at least 7 days prior to study entry and throughout the course of the study, medications or products that could interfere with fecal fat excretion
• Patients who do not limit alcohol intake to less than or equal to 1 drink per day during screening and randomization phases and patients who do not refrain from drinking during inpatient periods of the study
• Patients who have been treated with the following drugs within 7 days prior to screening: H2-receptor antagonists, gastrointestinal anticholinergics and antispasmodics
• Patients known to have a significant medical and/or mental disease that would compromise the patient's welfare or confound the study results
• Patients with a history of fibrosing colonopathy, cirrhosis of the liver, or portal hypertension
• Patients who have a condition known to increase fecal fat loss including celiac disease, biliary cancer, biliary stricture, cholelithiasis, Crohn's disease, pancreatic cancer, radiation enteritis, tropical sprue, whipple's disease, lactose intolerance, pseudomembranous colitis
• Female patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Patients who have received an investigational drug within 30 days prior to entering the screening phase of the study
• Patients with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal values or elevated uric acid levels greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal values
• Patients with causes for EPI other than CP and partial/total pancreas resection, example, cystic fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, hemochromatosis, isolated enzyme deficiency, deficiency in activation of enzymes in the small intestine etc
• Patients with a history or clinical evidence of any relevant cardio- or cerebrovascular, renal, endocrine, neurologic, infectious, other gastrointestinal, hematological, oncological or psychiatric disease or emotional problems, which, in the opinion of the investigator, would pose a significant risk for the patient, invalidate the giving of informed consent or limit the ability of the patients to comply with study requirements or interfere otherwise with the conduct of the study and the same applies for immunocompromised patients and/or neutropenic patients

Restrictions vary in accordance with each agreement with the individual investigators. Sponsor will allow publication but will prohibit disclosure of Sponsor's confidential information within any publication and can defer publication for a period of time to allow for Sponsor to obtain patent or other intellectual property right protection.