Placebo nasal spray 1 puff per nostril twice daily x 8 weeks. There was a blinded follow-up period of 16 weeks, resulting in study duration of 24 weeks (6 months).

Symptoms were assessed by whole-number linear scale to grade their frequency. Scores were recorded AM & PM (a difference of 12 hours) & were based on frequency within 12 hours of prior recording. The following signs/symptoms were evaluated: Snoring; Nasal obstruction; and nasal discharge; Breathing difficulty; Oral respiration; Ear pain. Frequency was graded according to the following scale: 0=absent; 1=intermittent; 2=persistent. The frequency of symptoms was scored individually and summed to obtain the Total Frequency Symptom Score. The maximum total score possible was 24 daily; 12 for both AM (6 symptoms times max frequency of 2) and PM.

Tympanometry was performed in children ages 2-11 by certified audiologists. Results were categorized based on audiologist's assessment as either being normal (normal pressure in the middle ear with normal mobility of the eardrum and the conduction bones) , abnormal (abnormal pressure in the middle ear and/or abnormal mobility of the eardrum and the conduction bones), or tympanometry was not done (evaluation not completed). Results were assessed at baseline, Week 4 (Visit 3), and endpoint Week 8 (end of treatment).

Otoscopic examination was performed of the right and left ear canals at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on audiologist's assessment as either being normal (ear canal structures appear normal) or abnormal (ear canal structures appear abnormal).

Rhinoscopic examination of the septum was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on investigator's assessment as either being aligned (septum is aligned), non-obstructive (septum is not aligned but the deviation is non-obstructive), or obstructive (septum is deviated and obstructive) deviation.

Rhinoscopic examination of the inferior turbinates was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on investigator's assessment as either being normal appearance (normal size) , hypertrophic (swollen/normal size increased), or hypotrophic (normal size diminished).

Rhinoscopic examination of the middle meatus was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on investigator's assessment into 3 categories: patent (easily observed), partial obstruction (partially blocked from view), or total obstruction (completely blocked from view).

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. These findings were used to calculate inspiratory nasal airway resistance reported in Pascal/centimeter^3/second (Pa/cm^3/sec).

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. These findings were used to calculate expiratory nasal airway resistance reported in Pascal/centimeter^3/second (Pa/cm^3/sec).

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. Inspiration flow was calculated at 75 Pa.

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. Expiratory flow was calculated at 75 Pa.

Pure-tone audiometry was performed in children ages 7-11 by certified audiologists. Results were categorized based on audiologist's assessment as either being normal (within normal limits), abnormal (outside normal limits), or audiometry was not done (not performed). Results were assessed at baseline, Week 4 (Visit 3), and endpoint Week 8 (end of treatment).

Acoustic rhinometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed by principal investigators at baseline & each visit throughout treatment in participants ages 7-11 years. Acoustic rhinometry is a technique intended for assessment of the geometry of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx and for evaluating nasal obstruction. The technique is based on an analysis of sound waves reflected from the nasal cavities.

Measurements were taken for each side of the nose (nasopharyngeal minimum cross-sectional area) & were reported in cm^3.

Acoustic rhinometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed by principal investigators at baseline & each visit throughout treatment in participants ages 7-11 years. Acoustic rhinometry is a technique intended for assessment of the geometry of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx and for evaluating nasal obstruction. The technique is based on an analysis of sound waves reflected from the nasal cavities.

PSQ consists of 90 variables divided into 3 different factors:snoring, somnolence, and behavior. All positive Snoring and Somnolence answers scored with Yes=1 and No=0, and scores averaged to obtain a total score between 0.00 and 1.00. Behavior factor scored between 1-3, and scores averaged for total score of 1 to 3. Increased scores indicate increasing abnormality of sleep. Based on determined cut-offs, participants were categorized as having mild, moderate, or severe discomfort due to interference of sleep.

The impact on quality of life (QOL) was measured by a general pediatric health questionnaire. Versions were self-administered & answered by participants' parents. This modular instrument consists of 21 items using a 5-point scale: from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). Items are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0. 4 dimensions (physical, emotional, social, & school functioning) are scored. Total score is sum of all the items over the number of items answered on all the scales. Higher scores indicate a better health related QOL.

The impact on quality of life (QOL) was measured by a general pediatric health questionnaire. Versions were self-administered & answered by participants' parents. Questionnaire consists of 23 items using a 3-point scale: from 0 (not at all), 2 (sometimes), 4 (a lot). Items are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0. 4 dimensions (physical, emotional, social, & school functioning) are scored. Total score is sum of all the items over the number of items answered on all the scales. Higher scores indicate a better health related QOL.

The impact on quality of life (QOL) was measured by a general pediatric health questionnaire. Versions were self-administered & answered by participants' parents. This modular instrument consists of 23 items using a 5-point scale: from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). Items are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0. 4 dimensions (physical, emotional, social, & school functioning) are scored. Total score is sum of all the items over the number of items answered on all the scales. Higher scores indicate a better health related QOL.

18 items of the survey were graded on a 7-point ordinal scale. Caregivers were asked to describe how often in the last 4 weeks had the child exhibited specific symptoms according to the following scale: 1: none of the time; 2: hardly any of the time; 3: a little of the time; 4: some of the time; 5: a good bit of the time; 6: most of the time; 7: all of the time. All scores were summed (total score: 18-126).

Grading was as follows:

• Scores < 60 suggest a slight impact on health related quality of life (HRQL)
• Scores 60-80 suggest a moderate impact
• Scores over 80 suggest a great impact

Total of all reporting groups

1 spray in each nostril twice daily administered for 8 weeks. There was a blinded follow-up period of 16 weeks, resulting in study duration of 24 weeks (6 months).

Symptoms were assessed by whole-number linear scale to grade their severity. Scores were recorded AM & PM (a difference of 12 hours) & were based on severity within 12 hours of prior recording. The following symptoms were evaluated: Snoring; Nasal obstruction & discharge; Breathing difficulty; Oral respiration; Ear pain. Severity was graded according to the following scale: 0=absent; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe. Severity was scored individually and summed to obtain the Total Symptom Severity Score. The maximum total score possible was 36 daily; 18 for both AM (6 symptoms times max severity of 3)and PM.

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Symptoms were assessed by whole-number linear scale to grade their frequency. Scores were recorded AM & PM (a difference of 12 hours) & were based on frequency within 12 hours of prior recording. The following signs/symptoms were evaluated: Snoring; Nasal obstruction; and nasal discharge; Breathing difficulty; Oral respiration; Ear pain. Frequency was graded according to the following scale: 0=absent; 1=intermittent; 2=persistent. The frequency of symptoms was scored individually and summed to obtain the Total Frequency Symptom Score. The maximum total score possible was 24 daily; 12 for both AM (6 symptoms times max frequency of 2) and PM.

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Tympanometry was performed in children ages 2-11 by certified audiologists. Results were categorized based on audiologist's assessment as either being normal (normal pressure in the middle ear with normal mobility of the eardrum and the conduction bones) , abnormal (abnormal pressure in the middle ear and/or abnormal mobility of the eardrum and the conduction bones), or tympanometry was not done (evaluation not completed). Results were assessed at baseline, Week 4 (Visit 3), and endpoint Week 8 (end of treatment).

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT

population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Otoscopic examination was performed of the right and left ear canals at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on audiologist's assessment as either being normal (ear canal structures appear normal) or abnormal (ear canal structures appear abnormal).

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Rhinoscopic examination of the septum was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on investigator's assessment as either being aligned (septum is aligned), non-obstructive (septum is not aligned but the deviation is non-obstructive), or obstructive (septum is deviated and obstructive) deviation.

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Rhinoscopic examination of the inferior turbinates was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on investigator's assessment as either being normal appearance (normal size) , hypertrophic (swollen/normal size increased), or hypotrophic (normal size diminished).

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Rhinoscopic examination of the middle meatus was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4). Results were categorized based on investigator's assessment into 3 categories: patent (easily observed), partial obstruction (partially blocked from view), or total obstruction (completely blocked from view).

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. These findings were used to calculate inspiratory nasal airway resistance reported in Pascal/centimeter^3/second (Pa/cm^3/sec).

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants aged 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. These findings were used to calculate expiratory nasal airway resistance reported in Pascal/centimeter^3/second (Pa/cm^3/sec).

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants ages 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. Inspiration flow was calculated at 75 Pa.

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants ages 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

Rhinomanometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed at baseline (visit 2) and each visit throughout treatment (visit 3 and visit 4) in participants ages 7-11 years.

Rhinomanometry is a test of nasal function that measures air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal airway during respiration by means of equipment. Expiratory flow was calculated at 75 Pa.

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants ages 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

Pure-tone audiometry was performed in children ages 7-11 by certified audiologists. Results were categorized based on audiologist's assessment as either being normal (within normal limits), abnormal (outside normal limits), or audiometry was not done (not performed). Results were assessed at baseline, Week 4 (Visit 3), and endpoint Week 8 (end of treatment).

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants ages 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

Acoustic rhinometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed by principal investigators at baseline & each visit throughout treatment in participants ages 7-11 years. Acoustic rhinometry is a technique intended for assessment of the geometry of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx and for evaluating nasal obstruction. The technique is based on an analysis of sound waves reflected from the nasal cavities.

Measurements were taken for each side of the nose (nasopharyngeal minimum cross-sectional area) & were reported in cm^3.

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants ages 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

Acoustic rhinometry examination of the left & right Nasal Fossa was performed by principal investigators at baseline & each visit throughout treatment in participants ages 7-11 years. Acoustic rhinometry is a technique intended for assessment of the geometry of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx and for evaluating nasal obstruction. The technique is based on an analysis of sound waves reflected from the nasal cavities.

This analysis was only performed in a cohort of the ITT in participants ages 7-11 years old (MFSN=19, Placebo=20).

PSQ consists of 90 variables divided into 3 different factors:snoring, somnolence, and behavior. All positive Snoring and Somnolence answers scored with Yes=1 and No=0, and scores averaged to obtain a total score between 0.00 and 1.00. Behavior factor scored between 1-3, and scores averaged for total score of 1 to 3. Increased scores indicate increasing abnormality of sleep. Based on determined cut-offs, participants were categorized as having mild, moderate, or severe discomfort due to interference of sleep.

A total of 132 participants were included in the ITT population. The ITT

population included all randomized participants who received at least one dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

The impact on quality of life (QOL) was measured by a general pediatric health questionnaire. Versions were self-administered & answered by participants' parents. This modular instrument consists of 21 items using a 5-point scale: from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). Items are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0. 4 dimensions (physical, emotional, social, & school functioning) are scored. Total score is sum of all the items over the number of items answered on all the scales. Higher scores indicate a better health related QOL.

The ITT population included all randomized participants who received >= 1 dose after commencement of treatment. At baseline (visit 2), 52 randomized participants were between 2 and 4 years old, 23 participants in MFNS & 29 participants in Placebo group. Questionnaire was answered in accordance with the actual age of each participant at each visit.

The impact on quality of life (QOL) was measured by a general pediatric health questionnaire. Versions were self-administered & answered by participants' parents. Questionnaire consists of 23 items using a 3-point scale: from 0 (not at all), 2 (sometimes), 4 (a lot). Items are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0. 4 dimensions (physical, emotional, social, & school functioning) are scored. Total score is sum of all the items over the number of items answered on all the scales. Higher scores indicate a better health related QOL.

The ITT population included all randomized participants who received >= 1 dose after commencement of treatment. At baseline (visit 2), 52 randomized participants were between 5 and 7 years old, 28 participants in MFNS & 24 subjects in Placebo group. Questionnaire was answered in accordance with the actual age of each participant at each visit.

The impact on quality of life (QOL) was measured by a general pediatric health questionnaire. Versions were self-administered & answered by participants' parents. This modular instrument consists of 23 items using a 5-point scale: from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). Items are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, 4=0. 4 dimensions (physical, emotional, social, & school functioning) are scored. Total score is sum of all the items over the number of items answered on all the scales. Higher scores indicate a better health related QOL.

The ITT population included all randomized participants who received >= 1 dose after commencement of treatment. At baseline (visit 2), 28 randomized participants were between 8-12 years old, 15 participants in MFNS & 13 participants in Placebo group. Questionnaire was answered in accordance with the actual age of each participant at each visit.

18 items of the survey were graded on a 7-point ordinal scale. Caregivers were asked to describe how often in the last 4 weeks had the child exhibited specific symptoms according to the following scale: 1: none of the time; 2: hardly any of the time; 3: a little of the time; 4: some of the time; 5: a good bit of the time; 6: most of the time; 7: all of the time. All scores were summed (total score: 18-126).

Grading was as follows:

• Scores < 60 suggest a slight impact on health related quality of life (HRQL)
• Scores 60-80 suggest a moderate impact
• Scores over 80 suggest a great impact

A total of 132 subjects were included in the ITT population. The ITT population included all randomized participants who received >=1 dose after commencement of treatment. Data summarized in terms of the number of participants providing data at the relevant time point.

1 participant in Placebo group did not answer this questionnaire at baseline.

1 spray in each nostril twice daily administered for 8 weeks. There was a blinded follow-up period of 16 weeks, resulting in study duration of 24 weeks (6 months).