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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Workers' Compensation Board, Alberta | OTHER |
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The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to determine the difference in quality of life outcome at two years, in patients undergoing an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedure with either a patellar tendon, quadruple hamstring tendon or a double-bundle hamstring tendon autograft.
Following an ACL injury, the knee is predisposed to chronic instability, further damage to the meniscal and chondral structures in the knee, osteoarthritis and an impaired quality of life. The successful treatment of an ACL deficient knee aims to preserve the intact meniscus and chondral structures, and to provide a functionally stable knee so that patients can return to pre-injury activities and restore their quality of life. The current standard of care for ACL deficient knees is with a surgical ACL reconstruction procedure. A Cochrane Review was done and demonstrated that the existing literature is controversial. To date, no existing trial has used validated patient-based outcome assessment, accounted for the critical differences between acute and chronic ACL deficiency or used modern techniques to ensure randomization concealment and a sufficient sample size to avoid type II error. The existing information does not define graft failure or re-ruptures, involve long-term follow-up to address osteoarthritis development, nor compare outcomes between single- and double-bundle reconstructive techniques. The current standard includes either a patellar tendon or quadruple semitendinosus/gracilis tendon autograft reconstruction. The newest option is a double-bundle semitendinosus/gracilis graft. This option attempts to restore the complex ACL anatomy by using two separate tendon components to reconstruct the ACL. This study will measure disease-specific quality of life at short- and long-term post-operative intervals (1, 2, 5 and 10 years). Additional secondary outcomes, including the incidence of traumatic re-ruptures and graft failures, will also be compared between treatment groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patellar Tendon (PT) | Active Comparator | ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft |
|
| Hamstring (HT) | Active Comparator | ACL reconstruction using a quadruple-strand semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon single-bundle autograft |
|
| Double-Bundle (DB) | Active Comparator | ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon double-bundle autograft |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patellar Tendon | Procedure | Patellar Tendon autograft |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) Outcome | The 32-item patient-reported Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality-of-Life (ACL-QOL) questionnaire assesses symptoms/physical complaints, work-related, sports/recreational, lifestyle and social/emotional concerns. A higher score on the 0 to 100mm visual analog scale represents better quality of life. | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2, and 5 years post-operatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Traumatic ACL Re-ruptures and Atraumatic Graft Failures |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Complications of the Surgical Procedure (See Adverse Events Section for Results of This Outcome) | All complications/adverse events that occurred within the first two-years post-operatively. See Adverse Events section for results of this outcome. | 2 years post-operatively |
Inclusion Criteria:
A confirmed diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency based on all of the following:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nicholas G Mohtadi, MD MSc FRCSC | University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre | Calgary | Alberta | T2N 1N4 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9617395 | Background | Mohtadi N. Development and validation of the quality of life outcome measure (questionnaire) for chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1998 May-Jun;26(3):350-9. doi: 10.1177/03635465980260030201. | |
| 21901700 | Background | Mohtadi NG, Chan DS, Dainty KN, Whelan DB. Patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Sep 7;2011(9):CD005960. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005960.pub2. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Patellar Tendon (PT) | ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft Patellar Tendon: Patellar Tendon autograft |
| FG001 | Hamstring (HT) | ACL reconstruction using a quadruple-strand semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon single-bundle autograft Hamstring Tendon: Quadruple Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
| FG002 | Double-Bundle (DB) | ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon double-bundle autograft Double-Bundle: Double-Bundle Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Year Follow-up |
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| 5-Year Follow-up |
|
N=110 patients were randomized to each study group. One cross-over from the DB group received an HT graft, but was analyzed as part of the DB study group.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Patellar Tendon (PT) | ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft Patellar Tendon: Patellar Tendon autograft |
| BG001 | Hamstring (HT) | ACL reconstruction using a quadruple-strand semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon single-bundle autograft Hamstring Tendon: Quadruple Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) Outcome | The 32-item patient-reported Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality-of-Life (ACL-QOL) questionnaire assesses symptoms/physical complaints, work-related, sports/recreational, lifestyle and social/emotional concerns. A higher score on the 0 to 100mm visual analog scale represents better quality of life. | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1- and 2-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Score (0 to 100) | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2, and 5 years post-operatively |
|
Two years post-operatively.
Patient-reported adverse events by phone, email or at regularly scheduled follow-up visits. Unexpected/unusual problems with the patient's knee were assessed in clinic, diagnosed and managed accordingly. Patients presenting with emergent concerns were initially seen in the hospital emergency department. All patients experiencing an adverse event/complication were followed (by phone, email, regularly scheduled or additional visits) until the issue was completely resolved or appropriately managed.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Patellar Tendon (PT) | ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft Patellar Tendon: Patellar Tendon autograft |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Septic Arthritis | Infections and infestations | Non-systematic Assessment | Detected 1 month post-operatively; treated with arthroscopic washout, intravenous antibiotics and successful preservation of the graft. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the identified organism. Complete resolution. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Failed Meniscal Repair | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Requiring repeat surgery for medial meniscal tears. There were no lateral meniscal tears. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACL RCT Research Coordinator | University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre | 403-220-8944 | aclstudy@ucalgary.ca |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070598 | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007718 | Knee Injuries |
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050376 | Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016378 | Tissue Transplantation |
| D064987 | Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy |
| D001691 | Biological Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| Hamstring Tendon | Procedure | Quadruple Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
|
|
| Double-Bundle | Procedure | Double-Bundle Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
|
|
| Minimum 2-year Follow-up, 5-Year Follow-up, 10-Year Follow-up |
| Number of Participants With Each International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Objective Overall Group Grade | IKDC Objective group grades: Normal (A), Nearly Normal (B), Abnormal (C), Severely Abnormal (D) The IKDC Objective Overall Group Grade is determined by the lowest grade assigned to defined objective knee examination measurements, including effusion, passive motion deficit and manual/instrumented ligament examinations (i.e. Lachman, anterior-posterior (AP) translation). | Baseline, 1, 2, 5 years post-operatively |
| Mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Score | Patient-reported health-related outcome measure with a score between 0 and 100. A higher score represents a better outcome. | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
| Number of Participants With Each Pivot Shift Grade | The Pivot Shift test is a dynamic, passive test to assess the rotational instability of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in the knee. Pivot shift grades include: equal/0 (negative); glide/1; clunk/2; gross/3. A positive grade indicates injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
| Proportion of Patients With Moderate or Severe Kneeling Pain | Patients kneeled down on the same hard surface (i.e. clinic floor) and self-reported the pain on a scale of: none, mild, moderate or severe. The number of patients reporting moderate or severe kneeling pain were combined in the reported proportions. | Baseline, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
| Knee Laxity as Measured by the KT Arthrometer | Mean side-to-side differences, as measured using the KT-1000 Arthrometer instrument at 30lbs/134N forces to objectively measure knee laxity. | Baseline, 1 and 2 years post-operatively |
| Mean Tegner Activity Level | Tegner Activity Scale (Values indicate level of activity from inactive (Level 0) to competitive level of activity (Level 10)) | Baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years post-operatively |
| Return to Pre-injury Tegner Activity Level | Proportion of patients returning to pre-injury levels, as measured by the Tegner Activity Scale (Values indicate level of activity from inactive (Level 0) to competitive level of activity (Level 10)). | 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
| Cincinnati Occupational Rating Scale | The Cincinnati Occupational Rating Scale assesses the level of work-related activities, including sitting, standing, walking, squatting, climbing, lifting and carrying weighted objects. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with a lower score representing more sedentary work-related activities. | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
| Skin-to-Skin Operative Times | Skin-to-skin operative times (in minutes) for each ACL reconstruction procedure | During surgery |
| Radiographic (X-ray) Changes | The analysis for the radiographic assessment data is currently ongoing, to provide a comparison of baseline, 2- and 5-year post-operative x-rays. | Baseline, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
| 25881568 | Result | Mohtadi N, Barber R, Chan D, Paolucci EO. Complications and Adverse Events of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 3 Graft Types for ACL Reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med. 2016 May;26(3):182-9. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000202. |
| 25514139 | Result | Mohtadi N, Chan D, Barber R, Oddone Paolucci E. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Patellar Tendon, Hamstring Tendon, and Double-Bundle ACL Reconstructions: Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes at a Minimal 2-Year Follow-up. Clin J Sport Med. 2015 Jul;25(4):321-31. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000165. |
| 26164058 | Result | Mohtadi N, Chan D, Barber R, Paolucci EO. Reruptures, Reinjuries, and Revisions at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 3 Graft Types for ACL Reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med. 2016 Mar;26(2):96-107. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000209. |
| 31169571 | Result | Mohtadi NG, Chan DS. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Patellar Tendon, Hamstring Tendon, and Double-Bundle ACL Reconstructions: Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes at 5-Year Follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019 Jun 5;101(11):949-960. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.18.01322. |
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
|
| BG002 | Double-Bundle (DB) | ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon double-bundle autograft Double-Bundle: Double-Bundle Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Chronicity: Acute, Chronic | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Injured side: Left, Right | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 |
| Hamstring (HT) |
ACL reconstruction using a quadruple-strand semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon single-bundle autograft Hamstring Tendon: Quadruple Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
| OG002 | Double-Bundle (DB) | ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon double-bundle autograft Double-Bundle: Double-Bundle Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants With Traumatic ACL Re-ruptures and Atraumatic Graft Failures |
| There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 5-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Minimum 2-year Follow-up, 5-Year Follow-up, 10-Year Follow-up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants With Each International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Objective Overall Group Grade | IKDC Objective group grades: Normal (A), Nearly Normal (B), Abnormal (C), Severely Abnormal (D) The IKDC Objective Overall Group Grade is determined by the lowest grade assigned to defined objective knee examination measurements, including effusion, passive motion deficit and manual/instrumented ligament examinations (i.e. Lachman, anterior-posterior (AP) translation). | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Baseline, 1, 2, 5 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Score | Patient-reported health-related outcome measure with a score between 0 and 100. A higher score represents a better outcome. | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1-, 2- and 5-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale (out of 100) | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants With Each Pivot Shift Grade | The Pivot Shift test is a dynamic, passive test to assess the rotational instability of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in the knee. Pivot shift grades include: equal/0 (negative); glide/1; clunk/2; gross/3. A positive grade indicates injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1- and 2-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Proportion of Patients With Moderate or Severe Kneeling Pain | Patients kneeled down on the same hard surface (i.e. clinic floor) and self-reported the pain on a scale of: none, mild, moderate or severe. The number of patients reporting moderate or severe kneeling pain were combined in the reported proportions. | At 2 and 5-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected on all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Baseline, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Knee Laxity as Measured by the KT Arthrometer | Mean side-to-side differences, as measured using the KT-1000 Arthrometer instrument at 30lbs/134N forces to objectively measure knee laxity. | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1- and 2-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Millimetres (side-to-side difference) | Baseline, 1 and 2 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean Tegner Activity Level | Tegner Activity Scale (Values indicate level of activity from inactive (Level 0) to competitive level of activity (Level 10)) | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1- and 2-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Activity Level | Baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Return to Pre-injury Tegner Activity Level | Proportion of patients returning to pre-injury levels, as measured by the Tegner Activity Scale (Values indicate level of activity from inactive (Level 0) to competitive level of activity (Level 10)). | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1-, 2- and 5-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Cincinnati Occupational Rating Scale | The Cincinnati Occupational Rating Scale assesses the level of work-related activities, including sitting, standing, walking, squatting, climbing, lifting and carrying weighted objects. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with a lower score representing more sedentary work-related activities. | There were 110 participants randomized to each study group. At 1- and 2-year follow-up, outcome data was not collected for all participants due to loss-to-follow-up, withdrawal or missed study visits. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale (out of 100) | Baseline, 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Skin-to-Skin Operative Times | Skin-to-skin operative times (in minutes) for each ACL reconstruction procedure | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minutes | During surgery |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Radiographic (X-ray) Changes | The analysis for the radiographic assessment data is currently ongoing, to provide a comparison of baseline, 2- and 5-year post-operative x-rays. | Not Posted | Mar 2025 | Baseline, 2 and 5 years post-operatively | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Complications of the Surgical Procedure (See Adverse Events Section for Results of This Outcome) | All complications/adverse events that occurred within the first two-years post-operatively. See Adverse Events section for results of this outcome. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 2 years post-operatively |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 110 |
| 0 |
| 110 |
| 20 |
| 110 |
| EG001 | Hamstring (HT) | ACL reconstruction using a quadruple-strand semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon single-bundle autograft Hamstring Tendon: Quadruple Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft | 0 | 110 | 1 | 110 | 22 | 110 |
| EG002 | Double-Bundle (DB) | ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus/gracilis (hamstring) tendon double-bundle autograft Double-Bundle: Double-Bundle Semitendinosus/Gracilis (Hamstring) Tendon Autograft | 0 | 110 | 2 | 110 | 38 | 110 |
|
| Massive Pulmonary Embolism | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Identified at 2 weeks post-operatively; treated successfully with anticoagulation and an IVC filter with no long-term sequelae. Complete resolution. |
|
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Identified 18 days post-operatively; treated successfully with anticoagulant therapy with no clinical sequelae. |
|
|
| Stiffness | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Intra-articular scarring requiring repeat surgery, caused by generalized arthrofibrosis (1), Cyclops lesions (4), or graft hypertrophy causing impingement (4). |
|
| Hamstring Injury | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Hamstring injuries on the ipsilateral side, include hamstring strain (18 patients) and a hamstring tear (1 patient with a patellar tendon graft; tear due to a major traumatic event while wakeboarding). |
|
| Tibial Periostitis | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Diagnosed as pain, swelling, redness and tenderness isolated to the medial tibial surface, distinct from pain in the knee. All presented within 2 weeks post-operatively; all successfully treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) |
|
| Deep Wound Infection | Infections and infestations | Non-systematic Assessment | Treated successfully with IV and oral antibiotics |
|
| Superficial Wound Infection | Infections and infestations | Non-systematic Assessment | Successfully treated with oral antibiotics. |
|
| Sensory Nerve Problems | Nervous system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Related to graft harvest/portal incisions (5 patients) or as a result of medial meniscal repair (3 patients); treated with topical NSAIDs cream and corticosteroid injections. All problems were resolved except one resulting in long-term dysesthesia. |
|
| Stitch Abscess | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Cellulitis | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Meniscal Cyst | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Patellar Tendinopathy | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Wound Dehiscence | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Chondral Lesion | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Requiring surgery. |
|
| Persistent Effusion/Inflammation | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Hardware Issues | Surgical and medical procedures | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| D059549 |
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction |
| D001178 | Arthroplasty |
| D019637 | Orthopedic Procedures |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| D019651 | Plastic Surgery Procedures |
| D014180 | Transplantation |
| Complete Traumatic Re-rupture |
|
| Partial Traumatic Tear |
|
| Atraumatic Graft Failure |
|
| 5-Year Follow-up |
|
|
| Nearly Normal (B) |
|
| Abnormal (C) |
|
| Severely Abnormal (D) |
|
| 1-Year |
|
|
| 2-Years |
|
|
| 5-Years |
|
|
| 3 Months |
|
|
| 6 Months |
|
|
| 1-Year |
|
|
| 2-Years |
|
|
| 5-Years |
|
|
| Glide (+) |
|
| Clunk (++) |
|
| Gross (+++) |
|
| 3 Months |
|
|
| 6 Months |
|
|
| 1-Year |
|
|
| 2-Years |
|
|
| 5-Years |
|
|
| 2 Years |
|
|
| 5 Years |
|
|
| 1-Year |
|
|
| 2-Years |
|
|
| 6 Months |
|
|
| 1 Year |
|
|
| 2 Years |
|
|
| Title | Measurements |
|---|---|
|
| 5 Years |
|
| 3 Months |
|
|
| 6 Months |
|
|
| 1 Year |
|
|
| 2 Years |
|
|
| 5 Years |
|
|
|
| Chondral lesion |
|
| Failed meniscal repair |
|
| Stiffness |
|
| Hamstring injury |
|
| Tibial periostitis |
|
| Stitch abscess |
|
| Cellulitis |
|
| Meniscal cyst |
|
| Patellar tendinopathy |
|
| Persistent effusion / inflammation |
|
| Sensory nerve problems |
|
| Wound dehiscence |
|
| Hardware issues |
|
| Massive pulmonary embolism |
|
| Deep vein thrombosis |
|
| Septic arthritis |
|