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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06-3659-A 01 |
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The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and MDR1 polymorphisms affect the metabolism of methadone.
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been used to rehabilitate the opiate addict resulting in a higher quality of life for the patient as well as improving social and psychological functioning while reducing the overall cost to society. The maintenance dose of methadone is highly variable between patients, and drug-drug interactions have been observed between methadone and various medications used to treat a variety of diseases. Identification and understanding of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of methadone could potentially lead to improved strategy in individualizing methadone dosing and reduce the risk of adverse drug interactions.
Several cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have been identified and hypothesized to be involved in methadone metabolism in vitro, particularly CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. However, the quantitative contribution of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in the elimination clearance of methadone in vivo remains undefined. In addition, methadone is a substrate of the efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) at the intestinal mucosa. We are proposing a pilot study in healthy human subjects to investigate the following hypotheses:
This will be accomplished by correlating the pharmacokinetics of methadone and the phenotype probes for Pgp (digoxin), CYP2B6 (bupropion) and CYP3A4 (midazolam). We plan to use these data to design a human subject study to assess the utility of MDR1 and CYP genotyping in predicting the methadone maintenance dose in a cohort of MMT patients.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| midazolam(drug), digoxin (drug) | Drug | Midazolam (2mg po) and digoxin (0.5mg po) will be administered one time, an hour apart. Blood concentration will be collected at various points in an 8 hour period. | ||
| Bupropion (drug) | Drug | Bupropion (150mg po) will be administered one time on a separate visit. Blood concentrations will be collected at various points in a 72 hour period. |
| |
| Methadone (drug) | Drug | Methadone (10mg po) will be administered at a separate visit 2 weeks after the bupropion visit. The dose is given once. Blood concentrations will be measured at various points in a 72 hour period. Pupil constriction will be measured and urine will be collected during this period as well. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Explore if there is a correlation between the areas of the concentration curves of probe substrates for CYP3A4 and/or CYP2B6 and Pgp and the area of the concentration curve of methadone. | two years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| LC-MS assays will be developed to analyze the plasma content of the probe substrates, methadone and their metabolites. Specifically, midazolam, 1-OH midazolam, bupropion, t-butyl-hydroxy bupropion, digoxin, methadone, and EDDP (a methadone metabolite). | two years | |
| Isolate and bank the DNA of the subjects for future genotyping of variant alleles that will be identified in this study to be important in methadone pharmacokinetics. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jean C Dinh, PharmD | Contact | 206.616.2775 | jeandinh@u.washington.edu | |
| Rheem A Totah, PhD | Contact | 206.543.9481 | rtotah@u.washington.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rheem A Totah, PhD | University of Washington, Medicinal Chemistry Department | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Washington General Clinical Research Center | Recruiting | Seattle | Washington | 98105 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4386743 | Background | Beckett AH, Taylor JF, Casy AF, Hassan MM. The biotransformation of methadone in man: synthesis and identification of a major metabolite. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1968 Oct;20(10):754-62. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1968.tb09634.x. No abstract available. | |
| 12220607 | Background | Kreek MJ, Vocci FJ. History and current status of opioid maintenance treatments: blending conference session. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2002 Sep;23(2):93-105. doi: 10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00259-3. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004077 | Digoxin |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |
| D016642 | Bupropion |
| D008691 | Methadone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004071 | Digitalis Glycosides |
| D002298 | Cardenolides |
| D002301 | Cardiac Glycosides |
| D002297 | Cardanolides |
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| two years |
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| D013256 |
| Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D006027 | Glycosides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D011427 | Propiophenones |
| D007659 | Ketones |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |