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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Pfizer | INDUSTRY |
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The purpose of the study is to determine whether an abbreviated pretest/post-test CDC recommended counseling is as equally acceptable to prenatal patients as the standard strategy using prenatal care nurses and medical providers at San Francisco General Hospital [SFGH]).
Approximately 40% of HIV-infected infants in the United States in 2000 were born to women not diagnosed with their HIV prior to delivery. (1) There are now effective medical therapies to prevent perinatal transmission, including anti-retroviral therapy, but this requires diagnoses of maternal HIV prior to delivery. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Institute of Medicine (IOM) have published strong recommendations for universal HIV-antibody testing of pregnant women.
This will be a randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial comparing two HIV testing strategies among English and Spanish-speaking patients presenting for prenatal care at SFGH WHC over the course of approximately one year. Eligible participants will be randomized by study personnel to either standard HIV counseling and testing (control arm) or abbreviated counseling and testing (study arm). Participants will receive a standard prenatal HIV testing brochure, undergo one of two HIV counseling/testing strategies, submit blood for an HIV-1 antibody test, and will follow-up with their medical provider for HIV test results. Upon completion of counseling, participants will undergo a short, structured (Pre-test) questionnaire administered by study staff. Following testing and receipt of results, participants will complete a second (Post-test) structured questionnaire administered by study staff.
Eligible women presenting to SFGH physician or midwife prenatal clinics will be recruited, consented and randomized by study staff to either the standard or abbreviated testing strategy. The outcomes studied will be patient satisfaction and the proportion of study participants who undergo HIV testing. Potential confounder variables to be measured will include demographic characteristics, prior HIV testing history, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards HIV testing, HIV test result, and type of provider (physician versus midwife).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviated Consenting | Experimental |
| |
| Standard Consenting | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviated HIV test counseling | Procedure | abbreviated HIV pre-test counseling |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction With HIV Testing Experience (O'Connor Decisional Conflict Scale) | We measured decisional conflict, the primary outcome of the study, using the English or Spanish language 10-item Low Literacy Decisional Conflict Scale. We considered a DCS score of 25 or less to be low, corresponding to limited conflict. All questions have 3 response categories: yes, no, unsure. Items are scored as 0 = yes, 2 = unsure, 4 = no. Scores for each of the 10 items are summed, divided by 2 and multiplied by 25 to calculate the total score. The final scores range from 0(no decisional conflict) to 100 (extremely high decisional conflict). | same day as HIV test counseling (cross-sectional study) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Deborah Cohan, MD | University of California, San Francisco | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UCSF, San Francisco General Hospital | San Francisco | California | 94110 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Rapid HIV testing of women in labor and delivery: www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/rt-women.htm: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 2002. | ||
| 12138350 | Background | Sambamoorthi U, Akincigil A, McSpiritt E, Crystal S. Zidovudine use during pregnancy among HIV-infected women on Medicaid. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Aug 1;30(4):429-39. doi: 10.1097/00042560-200208010-00009. | |
| 11892955 |
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A total of 278 English- and Spanish-speaking pregnant women were randomized to receive either abbreviated or standard nurse-performed HIV test counseling at the initial prenatal visit.
A randomized-controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted from October 2006 through February 2008 at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), the public teaching hospital of the City and County of San Francisco.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Standard Consenting Intervention | The standardized HIV pre-test counseling and consent process took approximately 2-5 minutes and reviewed the definition of HIV, modes of transmission and prevention, interpretation of test results and the benefits of testing. |
| FG001 | Abbreviated Consenting Intervention | The intervention arm used a 2-sentence script which lasted approximately 30 seconds. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Standard Consenting Intervention | The standardized HIV pre-test counseling and consent process took approximately 2-5 minutes and reviewed the definition of HIV, modes of transmission and prevention, interpretation of test results and the benefits of testing. |
| BG001 | Abbreviated Consenting Intervention |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Satisfaction With HIV Testing Experience (O'Connor Decisional Conflict Scale) | We measured decisional conflict, the primary outcome of the study, using the English or Spanish language 10-item Low Literacy Decisional Conflict Scale. We considered a DCS score of 25 or less to be low, corresponding to limited conflict. All questions have 3 response categories: yes, no, unsure. Items are scored as 0 = yes, 2 = unsure, 4 = no. Scores for each of the 10 items are summed, divided by 2 and multiplied by 25 to calculate the total score. The final scores range from 0(no decisional conflict) to 100 (extremely high decisional conflict). | Posted | Sep 2009 | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | scores on scale | same day as HIV test counseling (cross-sectional study) |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Standard Consenting Intervention | The standardized HIV pre-test counseling and consent process took approximately 2-5 minutes and reviewed the definition of HIV, modes of transmission and prevention, interpretation of test results and the benefits of testing. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deborah Cohan, MD | UCSF, San Francisco General Hospital | 415 206 3658 | cohand@obgyn.ucsf.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015658 | HIV Infections |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086982 | Blood-Borne Infections |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D015229 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral |
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| Background |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Progress toward elimination of perinatal HIV infection--Michigan, 1993-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Feb 8;51(5):93-7. |
| 9041351 | Background | Kalish LA, Pitt J, Lew J, Landesman S, Diaz C, Hershow R, Hollinger FB, Pagano M, Smeriglio V, Moye J. Defining the time of fetal or perinatal acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the basis of age at first positive culture. Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS). J Infect Dis. 1997 Mar;175(3):712-5. doi: 10.1093/infdis/175.3.712. |
| 9631135 | Background | Newell ML. Mechanisms and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS. 1998 May 28;12(8):831-7. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199808000-00004. No abstract available. |
| 9086162 | Background | Frenkel LM, Cowles MK, Shapiro DE, Melvin AJ, Watts DH, McLellan C, Mohan K, Murante B, Burchett S, Bryson YJ, O'Sullivan MJ, Mitchell C, Landers D. Analysis of the maternal components of the AIDS clinical trial group 076 zidovudine regimen in the prevention of mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 1997 Apr;175(4):971-4. doi: 10.1086/514003. |
| Background | Shapiro DE, Tuomala R, Samelson R, et al. Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Rates According to Antiretroviral Therapy, Mode of Delivery, and Viral Load (PACTG 367): Abstract #114. 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, WA, 2002. |
| 12571528 | Background | Phillips KA, Bayer R, Chen JL. New Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines on HIV counseling and testing for the general population and pregnant women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Feb 1;32(2):182-91. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200302010-00010. |
| 11718473 | Background | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised recommendations for HIV screening of pregnant women. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(RR-19):63-85; quiz CE1-19a2-CE6-19a2. |
| 12458916 | Background | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV testing among pregnant women--United States and Canada, 1998-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Nov 15;51(45):1013-6. |
| 12733863 | Background | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Advancing HIV prevention: new strategies for a changing epidemic--United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Apr 18;52(15):329-32. |
| 12092921 | Background | Ruiz JD, Molitor F, Prussing E, Peck L, Grasso P. Prenatal HIV counseling and testing in California: women's experiences and providers' practices. AIDS Educ Prev. 2002 Jun;14(3):190-5. doi: 10.1521/aeap.14.3.190.23896. |
| 10373168 | Background | Simpson WM, Johnstone FD, Goldberg DJ, Gormley SM, Hart GJ. Antenatal HIV testing: assessment of a routine voluntary approach. BMJ. 1999 Jun 19;318(7199):1660-1. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7199.1660. No abstract available. |
| 12642426 | Background | Walmsley S. Opt in or opt out: what is optimal for prenatal screening for HIV infection? CMAJ. 2003 Mar 18;168(6):707-8. No abstract available. |
| 11755561 | Background | Stringer EM, Stringer JS, Cliver SP, Goldenberg RL, Goepfert AR. Evaluation of a new testing policy for human immunodeficiency virus to improve screening rates. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;98(6):1104-8. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01631-3. |
| 9472506 | Background | Simpson WM, Johnstone FD, Boyd FM, Goldberg DJ, Hart GJ, Prescott RJ. Uptake and acceptability of antenatal HIV testing: randomised controlled trial of different methods of offering the test. BMJ. 1998 Jan 24;316(7127):262-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7127.262. |
| 9540937 | Background | Carusi D, Learman LA, Posner SF. Human immunodeficiency virus test refusal in pregnancy: a challenge to voluntary testing. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Apr;91(4):540-5. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00714-x. |
| 19367335 | Derived | Cohan D, Gomez E, Greenberg M, Washington S, Charlebois ED. Patient perspectives with abbreviated versus standard pre-test HIV counseling in the prenatal setting: a randomized-controlled, non-inferiority trial. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005166. Epub 2009 Apr 15. |
The intervention arm used a 2-sentence script which lasted approximately 30 seconds. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Abbreviated Consenting Intervention | The intervention arm used a 2-sentence script which lasted approximately 30 seconds. |
|
|
| 0 |
| 146 |
| 0 |
| 146 |
| EG001 | Abbreviated Consenting Intervention | The intervention arm used a 2-sentence script which lasted approximately 30 seconds. | 0 | 135 | 0 | 135 |
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| D012749 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
| D016180 | Lentivirus Infections |
| D012192 | Retroviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D007153 | Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |