The retrospective study will help determine whether or not placement of new devices prior to the recommended time was associated with a high risk of relapse or treatment failure.

The following information will be collected from the medical record retrospectively: demographic data (age, gender, ethnicity, height, weight), past medical history, laboratory results, microbiologic data, data on the patients' devices (type of device, data that it was placed, exchanged or removed), treatment and clinical and microbiological outcomes. This will all be collected retrospectively.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients that were cared for by the PI for the purpose of treating an infected ventricular shunt or drainage device for the central nervous system.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those patients records that do not meet entry criteria

infected ventricular shunt