Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Treatment of Recurrent or Resistant Pediatric Malignant Germ Cell Tumors With Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide and Carboplatin

This phase II trial is studying how well giving combination chemotherapy works in treating young patients with recurrent or resistant malignant germ cell tumors. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and carboplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more tumor cells.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the response rate in pediatric patients with recurrent or resistant malignant germ cell tumors (GCT) treated with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and carboplatin.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the toxicity of this regimen in these patients. II. To Collect tissue for the tumor bank that will aid in the identification of the biological characteristics of recurrent GCT.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.

Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1 and ifosfamide IV over 1 hour on days 1-5. Beginning on day 6, patients receive filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously or IV once daily until blood count returns to normal. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for up to 5 years.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically confirmed (at original diagnosis) extracranial germ cell tumor (GCT) containing 1 of the following malignant elements:

  • Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor)
  • Choriocarcinoma
  • Embryonal carcinoma

• Meets 1 of the following disease criteria:

  • Recurrent malignant disease
  • Chemotherapy-resistant disease
  • Relapsed disease
  • Disease refractory to conventional therapy

• Measurable disease

• Must have received a prior first-line chemotherapy regimen that included cisplatin

• Patients with tumor marker (AFP and/or BHCG) elevation alone or bone scan findings alone are not eligible*

• Patients with immature teratoma (any grade), germinoma, sex-cord stromal tumors, or recurrent GCT previously treated with surgery alone are not eligible

• Karnofsky performance status (PS) 50-100% (age > 16 years) OR Lansky PS 50-100% (age ≤ 16 years) OR ECOG PS 0-2

• Life expectancy ≥ 8 weeks

• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 750/mm³

• Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm³ (transfusion independent)

• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate ≥ 70 mL/min OR creatinine normal based on age/gender, as defined by the following:

  • ≤ 0.4 mg/dL (1 month to < 6 months of age)
  • ≤ 0.5 mg/dL (6 months to < 1 year of age)
  • ≤ 0.6 mg/dL (1 to < 2 years of age)
  • ≤ 0.8 mg/dL (2 to < 6 years of age)
  • ≤ 1.0 mg/dL (6 to < 10 years of age)
  • ≤ 1.2 mg/dL (10 to < 13 years of age)
  • ≤ 1.4 mg/dL (13 to ≥ 16 years of age) (female)
  • ≤ 1.5 mg/dL (13 to < 16 years of age) (male)
  • ≤ 1.7 mg/dL (≥ 16 years of age) (male)

• Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) for age

• ALT < 2.5 times ULN for age

• Shortening fraction ≥ 27% by echocardiogram OR ejection fraction ≥ 50% by gated radionuclide study

• No dyspnea at rest

• No exercise intolerance

• Pulse oximetry > 94% (if there is clinical indication for determination)

• Patients with seizure disorder are eligible provided they are on non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants and seizures are well controlled

• No CNS toxicity > grade 2

• No active graft-versus-host disease

• No allergy to Cremophor EL or castor oil

• Not pregnant or nursing

• Negative pregnancy test

• Fertile patients must use effective contraception

• No other concurrent chemotherapy or immunomodulating agents

• Recovered from prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy

• At least 1 week since prior growth factors (2 weeks for pegfilgrastim)

• At least 1 week since prior biologic therapy

• At least 2 weeks since prior myelosuppressive chemotherapy (4 weeks for nitrosourea)

• At least 2 weeks since prior local palliative radiotherapy (i.e., small port)

• At least 6 months since prior craniospinal radiotherapy or radiotherapy to ≥ 50% of pelvis

• At least 6 weeks since other prior substantial bone marrow radiotherapy

• At least 6 months since prior allogeneic stem cell transplantation

• Concurrent radiotherapy to localized painful lesions allowed provided at least 1 measurable lesion is not irradiated