A Phase II Study of Bevacizumab and Bortezomib in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

A Phase II Study of Bevacizumab and Bortezomib in Patients With Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination of bevacizumab and bortezomib have increased efficacy in the treatment of relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma.

Rationale: With the identification of thalidomide as an active agent in Multiple Myeloma, the role of angiogenesis in its pathogenesis has become a subject of much investigation. Micro vessel density (neovascularization) is inversely related to prognosis in Multiple Myeloma. Response to thalidomide was felt to correlate with a decline in microvessel density (Singhal et al NEJM). While the mechanism of neovascularization is yet to be fully elucidated, a number of models have shown VEGF to play a central role.

Thalidomide has been shown to synergize with a number of agents used to treat MM, including bortezomib. (Wang et al ASH 2005) This would justify the use of other therapeutics with known antiangiogenic activity in conjunction with established antimyeloma therapies.

Bortezomib, which has the precedence of known synergy with Thalidomide and has an extremely well established optimal dose, schedule, response rate, event free survival, and overall survival would make it an excellent candidate for combination therapy with other established antiangiogenic compounds.

There have been several reports of the role of VEGF in multiple myeloma. It has been shown that multiple myeloma cells secreteVEGF, which further promotes production of IL-6 in BMSCs, as well as migration and proliferation of the tumor cells. Thus VEGF is both an autocrine growth factor and trigger of IL-6-mediated paracrine multiple myeloma cell growth. Recent reports have highlighted the major role of VEGF in multiple myeloma pathogenesis, demonstrating the VEGF also increases microvessel density in the bone marrow. VEGF also inhibits dendritic cells. Taken together, these preclinical reports make strong suggestion for the promise of VEGF targeted agents in multiple myeloma (Le Gouill et al 2004).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must have been previously diagnosed with multiple myeloma based on Durie-Salmon criteria and/or the diagnostic criteria developed by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG).The patient must currently require therapy for relapsed (progressive disease, defined as a 25% increase in M-protein, development of new or worsening of existing lesions or soft tissue plasmacytoma, or hypercalcemia, or relapse from CR. Or patient must have disease that is refractory to most recent therapy. Defined as less than a 50% reduction in serum paraprotein or 90% reduction in urine paraprotein.
• Must have measurable disease, defined as follows: For secretory multiple myeloma, measurable levels of monoclonal protein: greater than or equal to 0.5g/dL on electrophoresis or greater than or equal to 200mg of monoclonal light chain on a 24 hour protein electrophoresis.
• Must have had at least one prior line of therapy but no more than three prior lines of therapy.
• Must understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent form.
• Must be greater than/equal to 18 years of age at time of signing consent.
• Must be able to adhere to study visit schedule and other protocol requirements.
• Must have an ECOG performance status of 0,1or 2
• Women of Child-bearing potential (WCBP) defined as a sexually mature woman who has not undergone a hysterectomy or who has not been naturally post-menopausal for at least 24 consecutive months must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days of starting study drug. In addition, sexually active WCBP must agree to use adequate contraceptive methods (oral, injectable, or implantable hormonal contraceptive method; tubal ligation; intra-uterine device; barrier contraceptive with spermicide; or vasectomized partner) while on study medication.
• All WCBP and all sexually active male patients must agree to use adequate methods of birth control throughout the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability to comply with study and/or follow-up procedures
• Life expectancy of less than 12 weeks
• Inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure >150 and/or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg on antihypertensive medications)
• Any prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) Grade II or greater congestive heart failure or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (Note: baseline evaluation of LVEF should be performed for any patient who has received >450mg/m2 of any anthracycline during prior chemotherapy.
• History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to study enrollment
• History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to study enrollment
• Known CNS disease
• Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection)
• Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease
• Known hypersensitivity to any component of bevacizumab and/or bortezomib
• Previously treated with Bortezomib and/or Bevacizumab.
• Received nitrosoureas within 3 weeks or any other chemotherapy, including thalidomide or clarithromycin, or radiation therapy before enrollment.
• Received corticosteroids (greater than 10mg/day prednisone or equivalent) within three weeks prior to enrollment.
• Received immunotherapy or antibody therapy within 8 weeks prior to enrollment.
• Received plasmapheresis within 4 weeks before enrollment.
• Had major surgery within 4 weeks before enrollment. (kyphoplasty is not considered major surgery)
• History of allergic reactions attributable to compounds containing boron or mannitol.
• Grade 3 or greater peripheral neuropathy as defined by the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC version 3.0) Grade 3: Sensory loss or paresthesia interfering with ADLs. Grade 4: Permanent sensory loss that interferes with function.