Patients received oral AC220 daily for 14 days to study the side effects, tolerability and best dose for treating relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, regardless of FLT3 status.

This is a multi-center clinical study conducted in the USA and two international sites. This open-label, dose escalation study was designed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orally administered AC220 as a single agent given daily for 14 days. Cohorts of 3 patients received AC220 until dose limiting toxicity was noted (DLT). At that point cohorts expanded to 6 patients until MTD was determined. Patients not experiencing DLT or significant disease progression at Day 15 may have continued receiving AC220 at the discretion of the Investigator and Sponsor. FLT3 positive and negative patients were allowed to participate.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females age ≥ 18 years;

2. Histopathologically documented primary or secondary AML, as defined by WHO criteria (Jaffe et al, 2001), confirmed by pathology review at treating institution, meeting at least one of the following:

   1. Refractory to at least 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy, or
   2. Relapsed after at least 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy, or
   3. Patient is not, according to the clinical judgment of the Principal Investigator, a candidate for induction chemotherapy due to age, comorbidity, or other factors;

3. Patients for whom no standard therapies are anticipated to result in a durable remission, or who have failed potentially curative therapy, or who refuse standard therapy or patients for whom there is no known therapy of documented treatment benefit;

4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-3;

5. In the absence of rapidly progressing disease, the interval from prior treatment to time of AC220 administration should be at least 2 weeks for cytotoxic agents (other than hydroxyurea, per Section 8.8), or at least 5 half-lives for noncytotoxic agents;

6. Persistent chronic clinically significant toxicities from prior chemotherapy or surgery must be less than Grade 2;

7. Serum creatinine ≤ 2.0 mg/dL;

8. Total serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × ULN unless considered due to Gilbert's syndrome or leukemic organ involvement;

9. Serum AST or ALT ≤ 3.0 × ULN unless considered due to leukemic organ involvement;

10. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (urine β-hCG);

11. Females of childbearing potential and sexually mature males must agree to use a medically accepted method of contraception throughout the study;

12. Written informed consent must be provided.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Histologic diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia;
2. Clinically active central nervous system leukemia;
3. Persistent clinically significant toxicity from prior chemotherapy that is Grade 2 or higher by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3);
4. Bone marrow transplant within 2 months prior to study;
5. Active, uncontrolled infection;
6. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to study;
7. Radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to, or concurrent with, study;
8. Human immunodeficiency virus positivity;
9. Active hepatitis B or C or other active liver disease;
10. Women who are pregnant, lactating, or unwilling to use contraception if of childbearing potential;
11. Medical condition, serious intercurrent illness, or other extenuating circumstance that, in the judgment of the Principal Investigator, could jeopardize patient safety or interfere with the objectives of the study.

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) and applicable supporting clinical trial documents may be available upon request at https://vivli.org/. In cases where clinical trial data and supporting documents are provided pursuant to our company policies and procedures, Daiichi Sankyo will continue to protect the privacy of our clinical trial participants. Details on data sharing criteria and the procedure for requesting access can be found at this web address: https://vivli.org/ourmember/daiichi-sankyo/

Studies for which the medicine and indication have received European Union (EU) and United States (US), and/or Japan (JP) marketing approval on or after 01 January 2014 or by the US or EU or JP Health Authorities when regulatory submissions in all regions are not planned and after the primary study results have been accepted for publication.

Formal request from qualified scientific and medical researchers on IPD and clinical study documents from clinical trials supporting products submitted and licensed in the United States, the European Union and/or Japan from 01 January 2014 and beyond for the purpose of conducting legitimate research. This must be consistent with the principle of safeguarding study participants' privacy and consistent with provision of informed consent.