Natural Killer Index From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Graft

Pilot, Multicenter and Prospective Study of the Natural Killer Index From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Graft at a Genotypic, Phenotypic and Functional Level

Numerous studies about the potential role of NK alloreactive during a n hematopoietic stem cells graft are based on genotypical analyses of the KIR receptors and on genotypic incompatibilities between KIR and HLA for couple donor/recipient. There is still a lot of issues non resolved: Are KIR really expressed and how occur their expression during time when hematopoietic reconstitution? Is it depending on HLA of the recipient?If KIR are expressed, what are the mechanisms of alloreactivity of NK cells? Are NK able to lyse tumoral cells? Could alloreactive NK cells constitute a therapeutic tool able to induce tolerance and elimination of leukemia during hematopoietic stem cells grafts?

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age superior to 1 year
• Patient that will be treated by an HSC graft
• Initial pathology of recipient: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient already included in a study with an exclusion period
• HIV + or HCV + serology during pre-graft analysis
• Patient already treated by an allograft of HSC