Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was defined as the maximum value attained for the ratio of tissue radioactivity concentration at any time and the injected radioactivity concentration divided by the body weight (in kilogram [kg]). Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the tumor cells, expressed as phospho-Rb percent positive cells, was assessed using Immunohistochemical staining technique. Change from baseline in [(18)F]-FLT-PET SUVmax at Cycle 1 Day 21 and change from baseline in Phospho-Rb percent positive cells at Cycle 1 Day 21 were analyzed. The change values of FLT-PET SUVmax and Phospho-Rb percent positive cells were then correlated. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

SUVmax was analyzed using imaging analysis set (participants in FAS who completed baseline [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET [FDG-PET] and [(18)F]-FLT-PET, and at least 1 on-treatment [Day 21] PET) and phospho-Rb was analyzed using tumor analysis set (participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21).

Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was defined as the maximum value attained for the ratio of tissue radioactivity concentration at any time and the injected radioactivity concentration divided by the body weight (in kilogram [kg]). Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the tumor cells, expressed as phospho-Rb percent positive cells, was assessed using Immunohistochemical staining technique. Change from baseline in [(18)F]-FDG-PET SUVmax at Cycle 1 Day 21 and change from baseline in Phospho-Rb percent positive cells at Cycle 1 Day 21 were analyzed. The change values of FLT-PET SUVmax and Phospho-Rb percent positive cells were then correlated. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

SUVmax was analyzed using imaging analysis set (participants in FAS who completed baseline [(18)F]-FDG-PET and [(18)F]-FLT-PET, and at least 1 on-treatment [Day 21] PET) and phospho-Rb was analyzed using tumor analysis set (participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21).

Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was defined as the maximum value attained for the ratio of tissue radioactivity concentration at any time and the injected radioactivity concentration divided by the body weight (in kilogram [kg]). Change from baseline in SUVmax was assessed using [(18)F]-FLT-PET and [(18)F]-FDG-PET techniques.

Imaging analysis set included participants in FAS who completed baseline [(18)F]-FDG-PET and [(18)F]-FLT-PET, and at least 1 on-treatment (Day 21) PET.

PET response was defined as complete response (CR) = mean SUVmax same as of background; partial response (PR) = mean SUVmax less than (<) 75 percent (%) of baseline; progressive disease (PD) = mean SUVmax greater than (>) 125% of baseline; stable disease (SD) = mean SUVmax greater than or equal to (>=) 75% of baseline and mean SUVmax less than or equal to (<=) 125% of baseline. PFS was defined as the time from first dose of study medication to the first documentation of objective tumor progression, or to death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Tumor progression was defined as >50% increase in sum of products of diameters, of dominant nodes and documented non-nodal sites or appearance of new sites of disease.

Analysis for this outcome measure was not run as there were so few responders.

OR: CR= disappearance of all clinical/radiographic evidence of disease, disease related symptoms and biochemical abnormalities, nodal masses regressed to normal size, if spleen and bone marrow were involved, spleen regressed to normal size and not palpable and clear infiltrate on repeat bone marrow aspiration; PR= dominant nodes decreased by >50% in sum of products of diameters (SPD), no increase in size of other nodes/liver/spleen, lesions regressed by >50% in SPD, no new sites of disease; SD= response <PR and no PD, documented >=1 time after start of therapy, no new sites of disease; PD= >50% increase in SPD of dominant nodes and other nodes or appearance of new sites of disease. PET response: CR= mean SUVmax same as background; PR= mean SUVmax <75% of baseline; PD= mean SUVmax >125% of baseline; SD= mean SUVmax >=75% of baseline but <=125% of baseline. Correlation was reported as conjoint number of participants with PET response at Cycle 1 Day 21 and OR at end of study.

PET response was analyzed using Imaging analysis set and OR was analyzed using response analysis set (all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication in cycle 1 and for whom a post-treatment response assessment was completed).

Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the tumor cells, expressed as phospho-Rb percent positive cells, was assessed using Immunohistochemical staining technique.

Tumor analysis set include all participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the tumor cells, expressed as phospho-Rb percent positive cells, was assessed using Immunohistochemical staining technique.

Tumor analysis set include all participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

Percentage of Ki-67 positive cells was determined by Immunohistochemical staining technique. Composite score = (sum of each intensity category multiplied by percent of cells in that category). Intensity categories of staining (0 = no staining; 1 = weak staining; 2 = moderate staining; 3 = strong staining). Composite score ranges from 0 (no staining) to 300 (100% of cells with 3 staining intensity).

Tumor analysis set include all participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

Percentage of Ki-67 positive cells was determined by Immunohistochemical staining technique. Composite score = (sum of each intensity category multiplied by percent of cells in that category). Intensity categories of staining (0 = no staining; 1 = weak staining; 2 = moderate staining; 3 = strong staining). Composite score ranges from 0 (no staining) to 300 (100% of cells with 3 staining intensity).

Tumor analysis set include all participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

Percentage of Cyclin D1 positive cells was determined by Immunohistochemical staining technique. Composite score = (sum of each intensity category multiplied by percent of cells in that category). Intensity categories of staining (0 = no staining; 1 = weak staining; 2 = moderate staining; 3 = strong staining). Composite score ranges from 0 (no staining) to 300 (100% of cells with 3 staining intensity).

Tumor analysis set include all participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

Percentage of Cyclin D1 positive cells was determined by Immunohistochemical staining technique. Composite score = (sum of each intensity category multiplied by percent of cells in that category). Intensity categories of staining (0 = no staining; 1 = weak staining; 2 = moderate staining; 3 = strong staining). Composite score ranges from 0 (no staining) to 300 (100% of cells with 3 staining intensity).

Tumor analysis set include all participants in FAS who completed tumor biomarker assessments at baseline and Day 21. Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

Criteria for laboratory test abnormality: Hematology (Hemoglobin [<0.8*lower limit of normal {LLN}], Platelets [<0.5*LLN/ >1.75*upper limit of normal {ULN}], White blood cells [<0.6*LLN/ >1.5*ULN], Lymphocytes, Neutrophils [<0.8*LLN/ >1.2*ULN], Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes [>1.2*ULN]); Liver Function (Total bilirubin [>1.5*ULN], Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Alkaline phosphatase [>0.3*ULN], Total protein, Albumin [<0.8*LLN/ >1.2*ULN]); Renal Function (Blood urea nitrogen, Creatinine [>1.3*ULN], Uric acid [>1.2*ULN]); Electrolytes (sodium [<0.95*LLN/ >1.05*ULN], potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium [<0.9*LLN/ >1.1*ULN], phosphate [<0.8*LLN/ >1.2*ULN]); Other (Glucose [<0.6*LLN/ >1.5*ULN]).

Safety analysis set included all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication.

AE = any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study medication without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Severity was assessed as: Grade 1 (Mild); Grade 2 (Moderate); Grade 3 (Severe) = unacceptable or intolerable events, significantly interrupting usual daily activity, and requiring systemic medication therapy/other treatment; Grade 4 (Life-threatening) = events causing participant to be in imminent danger of death; Grade 5 (Death) = death related to an AE. Treatment-emergent events = between first dose of study medication and up to 28 days after last dose, that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. A participant may be represented in more than 1 category.

Safety analysis set included all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence attributed to study drug in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. The events which were considered treatment-related by sponsor and/or investigator were reported.

Safety analysis set included all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication.

PFS was defined as the time from first dose of study medication to the first documentation of objective tumor progression, or to death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Tumor progression was defined as >50% increase in sum of products of diameters, of dominant nodes and documented non-nodal sites or appearance of new sites of disease. PFS= (first event date minus the first dose date plus 1) divided by 30.44.

Response analysis set included all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication in cycle 1 and for whom a post-treatment response assessment was completed.

OR is defined as the percentage of participants with confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR). Confirmed responses are those that persist on repeat imaging study 4 weeks after initial documentation of response. Complete response (CR)= disappearance of all detectable clinical/radiographic evidence of disease, disease related symptoms present before therapy and biochemical abnormalities attributable to disease, nodal masses regressed to normal size, if spleen and bone marrow were involved, spleen regressed to normal size and not palpable and clear infiltrate on repeated bone marrow aspiration; Partial response (PR)= dominant nodes decreased by >50% in sum of products of diameters (SPD), no increase in size of other nodes/liver/spleen, lesions in organs (spleen/liver) regressed by >50% in SPD, no new sites of disease.

Response analysis set included all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication in cycle 1 and for whom a post-treatment response assessment was completed.

Time in months from first documentation of objective tumor response (CR or PR) that was subsequently confirmed, to objective tumor progression (PD) or death due to any cause. DR= (date of first documentation of PD or death, minus the date of first CR or PR plus 1) divided by 30.44. CR= disappearance of all detectable clinical/radiographic evidence of disease, disease related symptoms present before start of therapy and biochemical abnormalities attributable to disease, nodal masses regressed to normal size, if spleen and bone marrow were involved, spleen regressed to normal size and not palpable and clear infiltrate on repeated bone marrow aspiration. PR= dominant nodes decreased by >50% in sum of products of diameters (SPD), no increase in size of other nodes/liver/spleen, lesions in organs (spleen/liver) regressed by >50% in SPD, no new sites of disease. PD= >50% increase in SPD of dominant nodes and other nodes or appearance of new sites of disease.

For duration of response, the number of participants experiencing objective response was less than 50%, and therefore, it was not feasible to calculate duration of response using Kaplan-Meier method. Hence, no participant was analyzed for this outcome measure.

Time in months from date of first dose of study medication to first documentation of objective tumor progression (PD). TTP= (last known progression-free date minus date of first dose of study medication plus 1) divided by 30.44. PD was defined as greater than 50% increase in sum of products of diameters, of dominant nodes and documented non-nodal sites or appearance of new sites of disease.

Response analysis set included all participants enrolled in the study who received at least 1 dose of study medication in cycle 1 and for whom a post-treatment response assessment was completed.

Plasma PD 0332991 concentration at Cycle 1 Day 21 was analyzed. Change from baseline in biomarkers (Ki-67 composite score, Cyclin D1 composite score, phospho-Rb positive cells) and SUVmax (FLT-PET SUVmax, FDG-PET SUVmax) at Cycle 1 Day 21 were analyzed. Correlation between PD 0332991 concentration and change in biomarkers (concentration versus Ki-67, concentration versus Cyclin, and concentration versus phospho-Rb) and SUVmax (concentration versus FLT-PET SUVmax, concentration versus FDG-PET SUVmax) was then assessed. Composite score = (sum of each intensity category multiplied by percent of cells in that category). Intensity categories of staining (0 = no staining; 1 = weak staining; 2 = moderate staining; 3 = strong staining). Here, 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.

PD 0332991 concentration was analyzed using pharmacokinetic analysis set (participants in FAS who had also completed pharmacokinetic blood sampling for at least 1 day); SUVmax and biomarkers were analyzed using imaging analysis set and tumor analysis set respectively. n= participants evaluable for this measure for specified comparisons.