Educational Program in Younger Women Who Have Recently Finished Treatment for Stage I or Stage II Breast Cancer

Adjustment to Breast Cancer Among Younger Women

RATIONALE: Educational programs may improve coping and quality of life in younger women who have recently been treated for early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To conduct a clinical trial to determine if an educational intervention and a nutritional intervention could enhance physical and psychological functioning among younger women completing treatment for early-stage breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

• Design, implement, and evaluate an educational intervention and a nutrition education intervention specifically aimed at improving adjustment among younger women who have been newly diagnosed with and treated for stage I or II breast cancer and who are ending the active phase of treatment.
• Determine the processes through which the interventions affect quality of life.
• Assess whether the interventions are differentially effective for different groups of women.
• Determine how women who decline participation differ from those who participate.
• Determine the nature and extent of adjustment difficulties, using baseline data, in younger women living in an urban setting who have been treated for early stage breast cancer.
• Identify personality and situational correlates of individuals who adapt well to early-stage breast cancer diagnosis and treatment and those who do not.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 intervention groups or a control condition.

• Arm I (control group): Patients did not undergo any intervention. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 4 and 13 months.
• Arm II (breast cancer education group): Patients attended a series of approximately 2-hour-long breast cancer education group sessions once a month for 4 months. Sessions involved the presentation of information concerning breast cancer, followed by a guided discussion of related topics. Sessions topics included: talking with children about cancer, life after diagnosis, relationships/intimacy, and hormones and breast cancer/basic factors of heredity. Patients were also given booklets and brochures to read at home. Patients were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 9 months after the intervention.
• Arm III (nutritional education group): Patients attended a series of approximately 2-hour-long nutritional education group sessions once a month for 4 months. Sessions involved the presentation of information concerning nutrition, followed by a guided discussion of related topics. Session topics included: healthy cupboards, what's cooking, shopping for success, and out on the town. Patients were also asked to keep a 4 day record of diet. Patients were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 9 months after the intervention.

INCLUSION CRITERIA (Disease Characteristics):

• Diagnosis of breast cancer

  • Stage I or II disease
  • No more than 10 positive lymph nodes
  • First-time diagnosis
  • Under the age of 50 at diagnosis

• Finished active treatment within the past 2 months

• English-speaking only

• Must live within 30 miles of Magee Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

INCLUSION CRITERIA (Patient Characteristics):

• Female patients only
• Must be able to communicate

EXCLUSION CRITERIA (Patient Characteristics):

• Other prior malignancies except skin cancer

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

• See Disease Characteristics