The objective of this study is to examine the effects of aripiprazole on glucose metabolism in schizophrenic patients without hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus or any history thereof.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or Female patients who are 16 years or older when written informed consent was obtained.

2. Patients who give personal written informed consent to participate in this study.

3. Patients who meet any of the following criteria for antipsychotic-naive or currently antipsychotic-free patients or patients who have been treated with antipsychotics indicated for schizophrenia from the onset of schizophrenia until the time of giving informed consent.

   Antipsychotic-naive or currently antipsychotic-free patients

   • Patients who do not take any antipsychotics
   • Patients who have taken antipsychotics for less than 2 years and discontinued them for 12 weeks prior to giving informed consent

   Patients recently treated with antipsychotics

   • Patients who have taken antipsychotics for more than 2 years and are taking antipsychotics at the time of giving informed consent

4. Patients who meet all of the following conditions

   • Patients who do not have any obvious complication of diabetes mellitus

   • Patients who do not have any obvious medial history with antidiabetic agents

   • Patients with no obvious history of diabetes mellitus recorded in the current charts of the study site at the time of giving informed consent

   • Patients who have not shown any values for the following parameters that deviate from the standard laboratory values in the current charts of the study site at the time of giving informed consent

   • Patients whose laboratory values meet all of the following criteria in the clinical laboratory tests conducted after patients give informed consent, just before commencement of study drug administration.

     • Fasting blood glucose level (FBS) <110mg/dL (If FBS is not available, non-fasting blood glucose level*1 <140mg/dL)

       *1 : For cases in which blood sugar measurements include values that cannot be judged as having been obtained in the fasted state.

     • HbA1c <5.8% Fasting blood glucose is defined as glucose concentrations in plasma samples taken between 5 a.m. and 12 noon after at least eight hours of fasting (including abstinence from snacks and calorie-containing juice, coffee, etc. ). All other blood glucose measurements of are counted random glucose.

5. Patients who have no obvious family history (in parents or siblings) of diabetes mellitus at the time of commencement of study drug administration

6. Patients whose body mass index (BMI) is less than 25 kg/m2 in the current charts of the study site at the time of giving informed consent Body Mass Index (BMI) = Body weight in kg /(height in m)2

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who have been given aripiprazole after market launching

2. Patients who clearly experienced symptoms of polydipsia, including so-called PET-bottle syndrome (hyperglycemia caused when the supply of insulin, which promotes glucose metabolism, becomes insufficient due to continuous soft drink consumption) and water intoxication, within one year prior to giving informed consent

3. Patients taking drugs that affect glucose metabolism

4. Patients who take quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel) or olanzapine (Zyprexia) within a period from 12 weeks prior to commencement of study drug administration to immediately before commencement of study drug administration

5. Patients with the following complications Abnormal adrenal function, abnormal pituitary function, abnormal thyroid function, chronic pancreatitis, chronic hepatitis, alcoholic hepatopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and liver cirrhosis

6. Female patients who are known to have given birth to a macrosomatic infant exceeding 4000 g in weight

7. Patients given antipsychotics at doses equivalent to 20 mg/day or more of haloperidol (or, in the case of multi-drug therapy, a combined equivalence of 20 mg/day or more of haloperidol) within a period from 12 weeks prior to commencement of study drug administration to immediately before commencement of study drug administration

8. Patients in a major state of excitation or stupor immediately before commencement of study drug administration

9. Patients who are forcibly hospitalized

10. Patients given any investigational new drugs within 12 weeks prior to commencement of study drug administration

11. Patients diagnosed as having a complication of serious hepatic, renal, cardiac, or haematopoietic disorder within 4 weeks prior to commencement of study drug administration, according to the criteria specified below.

    Hepatic disorder: Total bilirubin ≥ 3.0 mg/dL, AST (GOT) and ALT (GPT) ≥2.5 times the upper limits of normal levels at the study site.

    Renal disorder: Creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL Heart: Congestive heart failure arrhythmias, and ischemic heart disease being treated by drug therapy Haematopoietic disorder, etc.: RBC < 3,000,000, Hb <10.0 g/dL, WBC < 3,000, platelet counts < 7,500

12. Pregnant or lactating women, women shown to be possibly pregnant by the pregnancy examination conducted immediately before commencement of study drug administration, and women who are hoping to become pregnant within one year after providing informed consent to participate in the study

13. Patients who meet any of the criteria for contraindication listed on the package insert of aripiprazole

14. Patients with a complication or history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome or a related condition

15. Patients suffering physical exhaustion associated with dehydration or malnutrition, etc.

16. Patients with a complication or history of paralytic ileus

17. Patients with a history of alcohol dependence or drug abuse

18. Patients with a history of suicide attempt, or patients who have a high possibility of committing self-injury or attempting suicide

19. Patients with a complication or history of convulsion disorders, such as epilepsy, or structural brain disorders

20. Patients considered in the judgment of the principal investigator or the attending investigator to be inappropriate for inclusion in the study for any other reason

The glucose metabolism analysis set.

The numbers of excluded subjects from the data of partcipant flow were:

• violation of inclusion/exclusion criteria: naïve arm- 4, prior treated arm- 1
• no data of blood glucose level after treatment: naïve arm- 3, prior treated arm- 2

54 weeks