This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-site, double-blind study evaluating the efficacy of mometasone furoate/formoterol fumarate (MF/F) metered dose inhaler (MDI) 400/10 mcg twice daily (BID) and MF/F MDI 200/10 mcg BID compared with MF 400 mcg BID and F 10 mcg BID in adults at least 40 years of age, with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All placebo-treated subjects and active-treated subjects who will not participate in the safety extension will be discontinued and will have their Final Visit at Week 26. Subjects who continue into the 26-week safety extension will have their Final Visit at Week 52. Efficacy will be measured by the mean change from Baseline to Week 13 in area under the forced expiratory volume in one second concentration time curve from 0 to 12 hours (FEV1 AUC[0-12hr]) and change from Baseline to Week 13 in AM predose FEV1.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Moderate to severe COPD based on prebronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of <=70%.
• At Screening & Baseline, postbronchodilator FEV1 must be >= 60% predicted normal & >=25% predicted normal.
• COPD symptoms for >=24 months.
• >=2 COPD exacerbations requiring course of oral corticosteroid &/or antibiotics within 2-12 months before screening.
• Ex- or current smoker with smoking history >=10 pack years.
• Only albuterol/salbutamol for relief for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization.
• Withdraw from parenteral & oral steroids, anticholinergics, & antibiotics 4 weeks prior to Screening.
• No harm in changing current COPD therapy, willing to discontinue his/her anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or ICS/long-acting beta agonists (LABA) at Screening, & transferred to albuterol/salbutamol for relief for 2 weeks prior to Randomization.
• Lab tests conducted at Screening must be acceptable to investigator. Electrocardiogram (ECG) performed at Screening or within 30 days prior to Screening must be acceptable to investigator. Chest X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) scan is acceptable within 12 months prior to Screening must be acceptable to investigator.
• Female of childbearing potential must use birth control. Includes: hormonal contraceptives, intra-uterine device (IUD), condom in combination with spermicide, monogamous relationship with male partner who had vasectomy. Started birth control at least 3 months prior to Screening (exception condom), & must agree to continue. Female who is not currently sexually active must agree/consent to using a method should she become sexually active. Women who have been surgically sterilized or are at least 1 year postmenopausal are not considered to be of childbearing potential. Female must have negative serum pregnancy test at Screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Evidence (upon visual inspection) of oropharyngeal candidiasis at Baseline with or without treatment. If there is evidence at Screening, may be treated as appropriate & visit can be scheduled upon resolution. If there is evidence at Baseline, may be treated as appropriate & visit can be rescheduled upon resolution.

• History of renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurologic, hematologic, ophthalmological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, or other which could interfere with study or require treatment which might interfere with study. Examples include (but are not limited to) hypertension treated with beta-blockers), active hepatitis, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, significant QTc prolongation (ie QTcF or QTcB [Fridericia or Bazett corrections, respectively >500 milliseconds (msecs)]) stroke, severe rheumatoid arthritis, chronic open-angle glaucoma or posterior subcapsular cataracts, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), or conditions that may interfere with respiratory function such as asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis. Others which are well-controlled & stable (eg hypertension not requiring beta-blockers) will not prohibit participation if appropriate to investigator.

• Allergy/sensitivity to glucocorticosteroids, beta-2 agonists, study drug/excipients.

• Female who is breast-feeding, pregnant, or intends to become pregnant.

• Illicit drug user.

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (testing not conducted).

• Unable to correctly use oral MDI.

• Taking any restricted medications prior to Screening without meeting washout.

• Cannot adhere to permitted concomitant & prohibited medications.

• May not participate in this same study at another investigational site. Cannot participate in different investigational study at any site, during same time.

• Not be randomized into study more than once.

• No person directly associated with administration of study may participate.

• Previously participated in MF/F trial.

• Increase in absolute volume of >=400 milliliters (mL) at Screening or prior to Baseline within 30 minutes after administration of 4 inhalations of albuterol/salbutamol (total dose of 360 to 400 mcg), or nebulized 2.5 mg albuterol/salbutamol.

• Asthma.

• Lobectomy, pneumonectomy or lung volume reduction surgery.

• Lung cancer.

• Requires long-term administration of oxygen (>15 hours/day).

• Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

• A history and/or presence of intraocular pressure in either eye >=22 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), glaucoma, and/or posterior subcapsular cataracts. A subject who has undergone incisional or intraocular surgery in which the natural lens is still present in the eye. A subject with a history of penetrating trauma to both eyes. A subject with one or more of the following Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III grades at screening:

  • nuclear opalescence (NO): >=3.0,
  • nuclear color (NC): >=3.0,
  • cortical cataract (C): >=2.0,
  • posterior subcapsular (P): >=0.5.