The BeST Trial: A Randomized Phase II Study of VEGF, RAF Kinase, and mTOR Combination Targeted Therapy (CTT) With Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, and Temsirolimus in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
The BeST Trial: A Randomized Phase II Study of VEGF, RAF Kinase, and mTOR Combination Targeted Therapy (CTT) With Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, and Temsirolimus in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
This randomized phase II trial studies different combinations of bevacizumab, temsirolimus, and sorafenib tosylate to see how well they work compared with bevacizumab alone in treating patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other places in the body. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Bevacizumab and sorafenib tosylate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Temsirolimus and sorafenib tosylate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving different combinations of bevacizumab, sorafenib tosylate, and temsirolimus may be more effective than bevacizumab alone in treating metastatic kidney cancer.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To assess progression-free survival on each arm of combination targeted therapy (CTT) compared to that of bevacizumab alone.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To assess the significance of changes in tumor size over early time points as a predictor of progression-free survival (PFS).
II. To quantify the number and percent of patients who have stable disease at 6 months of therapy (failure to progress) in each treatment arm of CTT in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
III. To evaluate the safety of each treatment arm of combination targeted therapy (CTT) in patients with metastatic RCC.
IV. To assess overall survival in each arm of the study. V. To assess the objective response rate in each treatment arm of CTT in patients with metastatic RCC.
VI. To assess pathology, angiogenesis histology and to assess activation status of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathways and relate to clinical outcome.
TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To analyze the pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic properties of sorafenib (sorafenib tosylate) including angiogenesis, monooxygenases polymorphisms and multi-drug resistance (MDR).
II. To relate changes in tumor perfusion and vascular permeability on serial dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to clinical outcome and radiologic regression detected by other standard methods.
III. To assess the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI imaging as a biomarker for response to therapy and/or as a prognostic indicator of disease progression.
IV. To assess site readiness and ability in acquiring DCE-MRI data. V. To determine the relationship between tumor and blood biomarkers and clinical outcomes of patients treated with the combination of targeted agents.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms.
ARM A: Patients receive bevacizumab intravenously (IV) over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.
ARM B: Patients receive temsirolimus IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and bevacizumab as in Arm A.
ARM C: Patients receive bevacizumab as in Arm A and sorafenib tosylate orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26.
ARM D: Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-28 and temsirolimus as in Arm B.
In all arms, courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for 5 years.
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients will be required to have the clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma with less than 25% of any other histology (including, but not limited to, papillary or chromophobe or oncocytic); there must be histologic confirmation by treating center of either primary or metastatic lesion
Patients will be required to have measurable metastatic disease that is not curable by standard radiation therapy or surgery; all sites must be assessed within 4 weeks prior to study entry
Previous nephrectomy is required with the following exceptions:
No prior cytotoxic chemotherapy; a maximum of one prior regimen of either vaccine or cytokine-based immunotherapy disease is permitted
No prior anti-angiogenic therapy including, but not limited to, SU11248, ZD6474 or VEGF Trap; no prior therapy with bevacizumab, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (including, but not limited to, temsirolimus), or sorafenib will be allowed; thalidomide or interferon alpha (IFNalpha) are allowed either for adjuvant therapy or stage IV disease
No immunotherapy within 4 weeks of randomization; toxicities from immunotherapy must have resolved and a minimum of two weeks must pass prior to enrollment
Prior radiation therapy is permitted, but toxicities from radiation must have resolved and a minimum of 2 weeks must pass prior to randomization
No history or clinical evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease, including primary brain tumor, seizures not controlled with standard medical therapy, any brain metastasis, or history of stroke within the past 48 weeks
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
Life expectancy of greater than 12 weeks
Hemoglobin (Hgb) >= 9.0 g/dL (transfusions allowed prior to enrollment)
White blood count (WBC) >= 3,000/mm^3
Absolute granulocyte count (AGC) >= 1,200/mm^3
Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3
Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or serum creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 55 ml/min
Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN (or =< 5.0 x ULN in the presence of liver metastases)
International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) within normal limits
Fasting cholesterol < 350 mg/dL (9.0 mmol/L)
Fasting triglycerides < 400 mg/dL (4.56 mmol/L)
Patients must not have other current malignancies, other than basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, and ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast; patients with other malignancies are eligible if they have been continuously disease-free for >= 5 years prior to the time of randomization
No history of allergic reactions attributed to Chinese hamster ovary cell products, other recombinant human antibodies, or compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to sorafenib, temsirolimus or bevacizumab
No history of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy
Any condition that impairs patient's ability to swallow pills will make patient ineligible
No major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to randomization
No anticipated need for major surgery during the course of the study
No current or recent (within 4 weeks of enrollment) use of full-dose of anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents (except as required to maintain patency of preexisting or permanent indwelling IV catheters, for those patients receiving warfarin, INR must be =< 1.5)
No clinically significant cardiovascular disease, defined as one of the following:
No serious, non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture
No significant proteinuria at baseline; urine protein must be screened within 2 weeks prior to randomization by urine analysis for urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio; if UPC ratio is > 0.5, 24-hour urine protein is to be obtained and the level must be < 1000 mg for patient enrollment
No uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection requiring parenteral antibiotics on day 0 or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
Patients currently taking any of the following cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing drugs are ineligible:
Pregnant and breastfeeding women are excluded from the study; breastfeeding should be discontinued while receiving therapy; patients must have pregnancy test within 7 days prior to patient randomization if woman is of child-bearing capacity
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy are excluded from the study
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