Recruitment goal could not be achieved

This study proposes to examine the potential safety and efficacy of ziprasidone for patients with anxiety and bipolar disorder on anxiety outcomes, bipolar symptoms, and on measures of quality of life and resilience.

This study would be the first prospective, placebo-controlled study to our knowledge of any pharmacotherapy strategy for the treatment of comorbid generalized anxiety (or any comorbid anxiety) in patients with bipolar disorder. Our hypotheses are:

1. Ziprasidone flexibly dosed from 40 to 160 mg/day will reduce anxiety symptoms significantly more than placebo in patients with bipolar disorder who have a full or subsyndromal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
2. Ziprasidone will be well tolerated in patients with generalized anxiety based on the incidence of treatment emergent adverse effects during 8 weeks of therapy, and based on a lack of worsening of bipolar depression, mania or hypomania compared to placebo.
3. Treatment with ziprasidone will have a significantly greater positive impact on measures of quality of life and resilience than placebo.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female outpatients, aged 18 to 75 years.
• Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (Bipolar I or Bipolar II).
• Current diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).
• Participants must be on at least one of the following mood stabilizers at steady dose for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization: lithium with blood levels between 0.4-1.4 meq/L, valproic acid/divalproate sodium (with levels between 50-150 ugm/dl) carbamazepine (blood levels between 4-12 mcg/ml), or lamotrigine (dosed 50-400 mg/day).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or lactating women or others not using acceptable means of birth control (e.g., IUD, oral contraceptives, barrier devices, condoms and foam, implanted progesterone rods stabilized for at least 3 months).
• Patients with current or history of schizophrenia, or patients with current mania, hypomania at study entry. Lifetime psychosis and dementia are exclusionary.
• Patients with current obsessive-compulsive disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder are excluded.
• Patients with a history of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence within the last three months.
• Patients with significant unstable medical illness likely to result in hospitalization or acute medical care. In addition, patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are excluded.
• Current cognitive behavioral therapy directed toward the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
• History of hypersensitivity to or lack of response to ziprasidone.
• Concomitant treatment with other typical or atypical antipsychotics; patients should be off other typical or atypical antipsychotics for at least one week prior to study baseline.
• Patients with significant suicidal ideation or who have enacted suicidal behaviors within 3 months prior to intake will be excluded from study participation and referred for appropriate clinical intervention.
• Patients who have had a psychiatric hospitalization (including for bipolar disorder) in the past 3 months are excluded.
• Seizure disorders with the exception of a history of febrile seizures if they occurred during childhood, were isolated, and did not recur in adulthood.
• History of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
• Individuals with current clinically significant orthostatic hypotension are excluded.

This study was terminated due to extreme difficulties in participant recruitment. Therefore, the sample size is extremely low, leaving inconclusive data.