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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| P50MH077083 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | NIH |
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This study will compare different treatments for depression in order to identify which factors predict effectiveness, and will include a companion study which investigates combining treatments and long term effectiveness.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious illness that affects a person's body, mood, and thoughts. The symptoms of MDD can interfere with a person's ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy activities that were once pleasurable. Antidepressant medications and psychotherapy are among the effective treatments for MDD. Individuals often respond to one type of treatment, but not another. Currently, however, doctors have no way of pre-determining which individuals will most benefit from which treatments. In the absence of practical predictors of MDD treatment response, the potential efficacy of existing MDD treatments is limited. This study will identify factors that may predict MDD treatment response by comparing the effectiveness of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), and cognitive behavioral therapy in people with MDD.
Participants in this 14-week, double-blind study will be randomly assigned to receive duloxetine (SNRI), escitalopram (SSRI), or cognitive behavioral therapy. During the first 2 weeks of screening, participants will complete questionnaires, clinician evaluations, an electrocardiogram, a personality assessment, a dexamethasone-corticotropin releasing factor test, a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and provide blood samples. Upon completion of screening, patients will start the treatment to which they were randomized. Duloxetine and escitalopram are two medications that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a talking therapy that is also used to treat depression. All participants assigned to take duloxetine or escitalopram will be seen by a study physician weekly for 6 weeks, and then every other week for the remainder of the study. Participants assigned to cognitive behavioral therapy will attend therapy sessions twice a week for the first 4 weeks, and then once a week for the remainder of the study. The following assessments will be performed for all participants at each visit: vital sign and weight measurements; clinician assessments; and self-report questionnaires. Additionally, blood samples will be taken at three visits through the trial and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans will be performed at selected times.
A companion study to the main CIDAR study offers participants further treatment. Participants who achieve remission after the initial 12 weeks of treatment will have the option to enroll in a 21-month follow-up study of maintenance treatment, with visits every three months to monitor for sustained response and relapse. Participants who do not remit will have the option to enroll in another 12-week treatment course, receiving a combination of CBT and medication. Participants who achieve response after this combination treatment will be eligible to receive maintenance combination treatment for up to an additional 18 months, monitored for sustained response and relapse. Participants who do not wish to enroll or continue in the companion study will be provided with a referral for treatment with another mental health provider.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Escitalopram | Active Comparator | Participants will receive treatment with escitalopram for 12 weeks |
|
| Duloxetine | Active Comparator | Participants will receive treatment with duloxetine for 12 weeks |
|
| CBT | Active Comparator | Participants will receive 16 one-hour sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy delivered over 12 weeks |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escitalopram | Drug | Escitalopram 10 to 20 mg per day for 12 weeks |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Remission From Major Depressive Episode in Intent to Treat Sample | The percentage of participants who achieved remission from a major depressive episode, using a last observation carried forward (LOCF) dataset, defined as all randomized patients who initiated treatment and had at least one follow-up rating assessment. A score of equal to or greater than 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at the last observation was considered to be remission from depression. | Up to 12 Weeks |
| Remission From Major Depressive Episode Among Participants Who Completed the Intervention | The percentage of participants who achieved remission from a major depressive episode. A score of equal to or greater than 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) after 10 weeks and 12 weeks of the assigned study treatment was considered to be remission from depression. | Measured at Weeks 10 and 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants in Each Category of Response to Treatment of Depressive Symptoms, in Intent to Treat Sample | Four mutually exclusive categorical outcomes were defined based on the last valid Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) rating at the last observation:
|
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Helen S. Mayberg, MD | Emory University | Principal Investigator |
| W. Edward Craighead, PhD | Emory University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emory University Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program | Atlanta | Georgia | 30306 | United States | ||
| Emory University School of Medicine |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22776534 | Background | Dunlop BW, Binder EB, Cubells JF, Goodman MM, Kelley ME, Kinkead B, Kutner M, Nemeroff CB, Newport DJ, Owens MJ, Pace TW, Ritchie JC, Rivera VA, Westen D, Craighead WE, Mayberg HS. Predictors of remission in depression to individual and combined treatments (PReDICT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012 Jul 9;13:106. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-106. | |
| 36651624 | Derived | Dunlop BW, Cha J, Choi KS, Rajendra JK, Nemeroff CB, Craighead WE, Mayberg HS. Shared and Unique Changes in Brain Connectivity Among Depressed Patients After Remission With Pharmacotherapy Versus Psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 1;180(3):218-229. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21070727. Epub 2023 Jan 18. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Related Info | View source |
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A total of 344 participants were randomized as follows:
114 randomized to the Escitalopram arm 115 randomized to the Duloxetine arm 115 randomized to the Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) arm
28 participants did not return for a post-randomization assessment, resulting in 316 participants with data to analyze.
Participants were recruited through the Emory University Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program. Men and women, aged 18-65, meeting DSM-IV criteria for a current major depressive disorder, and who had not received prior treatment for a mood disorder were eligible. 515 consented to participate in the trial and 344 were randomized to a treatment arm.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Escitalopram | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with escitalopram for 12 weeks, at a dose of 10 to 20 mg per day |
| FG001 | Duloxetine | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with duloxetine for 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 to 60 mg per day |
| FG002 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Participants were randomized to receive 16 one-hour sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered over 12 weeks |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Participants who consented to participate in the trial and who were randomized to a treatment arm.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Escitalopram | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with escitalopram for 12 weeks, at a dose of 10 to 20 mg per day |
| BG001 | Duloxetine | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with duloxetine for 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 to 60 mg per day |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Remission From Major Depressive Episode in Intent to Treat Sample | The percentage of participants who achieved remission from a major depressive episode, using a last observation carried forward (LOCF) dataset, defined as all randomized patients who initiated treatment and had at least one follow-up rating assessment. A score of equal to or greater than 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at the last observation was considered to be remission from depression. | This population consists of all participants who were randomized and returned for at least one study visit. This population was used for the intent to treat analyses and not all of these individuals completed the study. | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | Up to 12 Weeks |
|
Adverse events will be collected during the entire time a participant remains in the trial (up to 24 weeks)
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Escitalopram | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with escitalopram for 12 weeks, at a dose of 10 to 20 mg per day |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalization for asthma attack | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | General disorders |
|
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helen Mayberg | Emory University | 404-727-6740 | hmayber@emory.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000089983 | Escitalopram |
| D000068736 | Duloxetine Hydrochloride |
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011437 | Propylamines |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009570 | Nitriles |
| D001572 |
Not provided
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| Duloxetine | Drug | Duloxetine 30 to 60 mg per day for 12 weeks |
|
|
| Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) | Behavioral | CBT will include 16 one-hour sessions provided over 12 weeks. |
|
| Up to 12 Weeks |
| Number of Participants in Each Category of Response to Treatment of Depressive Symptoms, Among Participants Who Completed the Intervention | Four mutually exclusive categorical outcomes were defined based on the last valid Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) rating at the Week 10 and Week 12 visits:
| Measured at Weeks 10 and 12 |
| Number of Participants Experiencing Depression Recurrence Following Remission to Monotherapy Treatment | The number of participants experiencing a recurrence of depression after they had been in remission with the monotherapy treatment they were randomized to receive. | Measured at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months |
| Number of Participants Achieving Remission From Major Depressive Episode After 12 Weeks of Combined Treatment, for Those Patients Who do Not Achieve Remission With Monotherapy | The number of participants achieving remission from major depressive episode after 12 weeks of combined treatment consisting of antidepressant plus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. Those originally randomized to receive one of the antidepressants remained on that medication and had CBT sessions added. Participants originally randomized to CBT had escitalopram added at a dose of 10 to 20 mg per day for 12 weeks | Measured after 12 weeks of combined treatment |
| Atlanta |
| Georgia |
| 30322 |
| United States |
| 34697401 | Derived | Brydges CR, Fiehn O, Mayberg HS, Schreiber H, Dehkordi SM, Bhattacharyya S, Cha J, Choi KS, Craighead WE, Krishnan RR, Rush AJ, Dunlop BW, Kaddurah-Daouk R; Mood Disorders Precision Medicine Consortium. Indoxyl sulfate, a gut microbiome-derived uremic toxin, is associated with psychic anxiety and its functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurologic signature. Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 25;11(1):21011. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99845-1. |
| 32368793 | Derived | Storebo OJ, Stoffers-Winterling JM, Vollm BA, Kongerslev MT, Mattivi JT, Jorgensen MS, Faltinsen E, Todorovac A, Sales CP, Callesen HE, Lieb K, Simonsen E. Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5(5):CD012955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012955.pub2. |
| 29369664 | Derived | Kennedy JC, Dunlop BW, Craighead LW, Nemeroff CB, Mayberg HS, Craighead WE. Follow-up of monotherapy remitters in the PReDICT study: Maintenance treatment outcomes and clinical predictors of recurrence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Feb;86(2):189-199. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000279. |
| 28335622 | Derived | Dunlop BW, Rajendra JK, Craighead WE, Kelley ME, McGrath CL, Choi KS, Kinkead B, Nemeroff CB, Mayberg HS. Functional Connectivity of the Subcallosal Cingulate Cortex And Differential Outcomes to Treatment With Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or Antidepressant Medication for Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Jun 1;174(6):533-545. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16050518. Epub 2017 Mar 24. |
| BG002 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Participants were randomized to receive 16 one-hour sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered over 12 weeks |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | The race of participants was categorized as "Caucasian", "Black", and "Other". | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Current Anxiety Disorder | Number | participants |
|
| Previous Episode(s) of Depression | The number of participants who have had 1, 2, or 3 or more prior episodes of depression | Number | participants |
|
| Chronic Episode of Depression (2 or More Years) | The number of participants who are experiencing a chronic episode of depression (2 or more years in duration). | Number | participants |
|
| History of Suicide Attempt | The number of participants who have a prior history of suicide attempt. | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Duloxetine | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with duloxetine for 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 to 60 mg per day |
| OG002 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Participants were randomized to receive 16 one-hour sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered over 12 weeks |
|
|
| Primary | Remission From Major Depressive Episode Among Participants Who Completed the Intervention | The percentage of participants who achieved remission from a major depressive episode. A score of equal to or greater than 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) after 10 weeks and 12 weeks of the assigned study treatment was considered to be remission from depression. | This population includes participants who completed the trial, per study protocol. | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | Measured at Weeks 10 and 12 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants in Each Category of Response to Treatment of Depressive Symptoms, in Intent to Treat Sample | Four mutually exclusive categorical outcomes were defined based on the last valid Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) rating at the last observation:
| The population is defined as all randomized patients who initiated treatment and had at least one follow-up rating assessment. | Posted | Number | participants | Up to 12 Weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants in Each Category of Response to Treatment of Depressive Symptoms, Among Participants Who Completed the Intervention | Four mutually exclusive categorical outcomes were defined based on the last valid Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) rating at the Week 10 and Week 12 visits:
| This population includes participants who completed the trial, per study protocol. | Posted | Number | participants | Measured at Weeks 10 and 12 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Experiencing Depression Recurrence Following Remission to Monotherapy Treatment | The number of participants experiencing a recurrence of depression after they had been in remission with the monotherapy treatment they were randomized to receive. | This population is comprised of participants who completed 12 weeks of treatment, achieved remission, and participated in a follow-up phase that lasted for up to 21 months or until recurrence occurred. | Posted | Number | participants | Measured at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Achieving Remission From Major Depressive Episode After 12 Weeks of Combined Treatment, for Those Patients Who do Not Achieve Remission With Monotherapy | The number of participants achieving remission from major depressive episode after 12 weeks of combined treatment consisting of antidepressant plus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. Those originally randomized to receive one of the antidepressants remained on that medication and had CBT sessions added. Participants originally randomized to CBT had escitalopram added at a dose of 10 to 20 mg per day for 12 weeks | Participants who did not achieve remission during monotherapy were offered 12 weeks of combination therapy. This sample consists of those participants who consented for the combination therapy part of the trial and who completed the 12 weeks of treatment. | Posted | Number | participants | Measured after 12 weeks of combined treatment |
|
|
|
| 6 |
| 114 |
| 100 |
| 114 |
| EG001 | Duloxetine | Participants were randomized to receive treatment with duloxetine for 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 to 60 mg per day | 3 | 115 | 108 | 115 |
| EG002 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Participants were randomized to receive 16 one-hour sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered over 12 weeks | 1 | 115 | 70 | 115 |
| Laceration | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
|
| Motor Vehicle Accident | General disorders |
|
| Urinary retention | Renal and urinary disorders |
|
| Deep vein thrombosis | Vascular disorders |
|
| Lung cancer | Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
|
| AttemptedSuicide by Overdose | Psychiatric disorders |
|
| Nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
|
| Diarrhea | Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
| Fatigue | General disorders |
|
| Insomnia | General disorders |
|
| Dry Mouth | General disorders |
|
| Dizziness | General disorders |
|
| Sedation | General disorders |
|
| Abdominal Pain | Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
| Dyspepsia | Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
| Decreased Libido | Reproductive system and breast disorders |
|
| Constipation | Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
| Anxiety | Psychiatric disorders |
|
| Anorgasmia | Reproductive system and breast disorders |
|
| Yawning | General disorders |
|
| Decreased Appetite | Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
|
| Bruxism | General disorders |
|
| Back Pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
|
| Flatulence | Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
| Somnolence | General disorders |
|
| Feeling Jittery | General disorders |
|
| Hyperhidrosis | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
|
| Abnormal Orgasm | Reproductive system and breast disorders |
|
| Blurred Vision | Eye disorders |
|
| Emotional Poverty | Psychiatric disorders |
|
| Increased Appetite | Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
|
| Palpitations | Cardiac disorders |
|
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| Benzofurans |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D013876 | Thiophenes |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| Title | Measurements |
|---|---|
|
| Response without remission |
|
| Remission |
|
| Title | Measurements |
|---|---|
|
| Response without remission |
|
| Remission |
|
| Title | Measurements |
|---|---|
|
| 12 Months |
|
| 15 Months |
|
| 18 Months |
|
| 21 Months |
|
| 24 Months |
|