To further investigate differences in the immunologic function of various lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected patients who are treated early in their infection and during the chronic phase of the infection. Studies will also be done to further delineate the various antigen-specific and innate immune responses including characterization of soluble factors associated with primary HIV infection.

Primary HIV-1 infected and chronically infected individuals will be recruited and leukapheresis will be performed. This one year study requires that patients be apheresed once before initiating therapy and on two other occasions (at month 6 and month 12) after suppression of plasma viremia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells will be isolated by sodium diatrizoate density centrifugation and subjected to immunologic and virologic studies.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult HIV-1 infected patient
• For primary infected patients anyone with an exposure to a known source of HIV infected material or individual, with symptoms and signs if present consistent with primary HIV infection, a negative ELISA, indeterminate Western blot for HIV and a positive HIV plasma RNA levels > 10,000 copies/mL by either RT-PCR or bDNA
• Chronic HIV-infected patients should have a positive ELISA and a confirmatory western blot and willingness to give informed consent for the storage of blood.
• Willingness to be able to make follow-up visits for apheresis at 6 and 12 months for those who undergo antiretroviral therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women

HIV-infected adults who have a positive ELISA and a confirmatory western blot HIV test.