The purpose of this study is to determine if Risperdal Consta will affect the healthcare utilization costs in chronically ill schizophrenic patients with multiple admissions to the psychiatric hospital compared to the previous utilization costs under standard oral treatment of any atypical antipsychotic. We hypothesize that higher Risperdal Consta acquisition costs can be offset by reduction in total medical utilization costs, such as hospitalizations, ER visits, unscheduled outpatient visits or incarcerations due to worsening of psychotic symptoms.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
• 4 or more admissions to psychiatric hospital in past year, OR minimum of 2 hospital admissions and at least 2 incarcerations in the previous year
• Medicaid recipient
• Patients requiring concomitant non-antipsychotic psychotropic medication (mood stabilizing, antidepressants, anxiolytics)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Past or current psychiatric disorder, other than schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
• Drug or alcohol dependence
• Serious, unstable medical illness or any acute medical condition
• Pregnant or lactating females
• Prior Risperdal Consta treatment
• Non-English speaking