Cetuximab, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel Followed by Radiation Therapy, With or Without Cisplatin, in Treating Patients With Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer

Phase II Trial of Induction Therapy With Cetuximab (C225) and Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Patients With Advanced (Stage IV) Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some find tumor cells and kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. Others interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as carboplatin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more tumor cells. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays and other types of radiation to kill tumor cells. Giving cetuximab together with combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with or without cisplatin, may kill more tumor cells.

PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well giving cetuximab together with carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by radiation therapy, with or without cisplatin, works in treating patients with metastatic head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

• Determine the increase in clinical/radiographic complete response rate in patients with previously untreated metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with induction therapy comprising cetuximab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel.
• Determine the toxic effects of this regimen in these patients.

Secondary

• Determine the pattern of tumor recurrence in patients treated with this regimen.
• Determine the quality of life of patients treated with this regimen.
• Determine the duration of response, time to progression, and survival of patients treated with this regimen.
• Correlate effects of this regimen with biomarkers of response and predictors of long-term outcome in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a nonrandomized, open-label study.

Patients receive induction therapy comprising cetuximab IV over 1-2 hours, paclitaxel IV over 1 hour, and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats weekly for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning 2-3 weeks later, patients undergo radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Patients with T0, 1, 2 disease undergo radiotherapy 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Patients with T3, 4 disease or unresectable nodal disease undergo radiotherapy 5 days a week for 6 weeks and receive concurrent cisplatin IV over 1-2 hours on days 1 and 22. Some patients may undergo primary surgical resection before or instead of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Quality of life is assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months after completion of radiotherapy or surgery.

After study completion, patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years, every 4 months for 1 year, and every 6 months for 2 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 80 patients will be accrued for this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with histological proof (from the primary lesion and/or lymph nodes) of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx.
2. Patients should have stage IV disease, stage T0-4 N2b/2c/3 M0 (for nasopharynx patients, stage N1 disease is eligible). Measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is required.
3. Patients with stage Tx primary disease are eligible if there is N2b/3 adenopathy.
4. Karnofsky performance status of >/= 80 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) point scale 0-1
5. Age > 16 years
6. Patients should have adequate bone marrow function defined as an absolute peripheral granulocyte count (AGC) of > 1500 cells/mm3 and platelet count of > 100,000 cells/mm3; adequate hepatic function with bilirubin </= Upper Limit of Normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT) may be up to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal if alkaline phosphatase is normal. Alkaline phosphatase may be up to 4* ULN if SGPT and SGOT are normal. Patients who have both SGPT and SGOT > 1.5 ULN and alkaline phosphatase > 2.5 * ULN are not eligible. Normal PT/PTT and normal serum calcium (without intervention) are required.
7. Creatinine clearance > 40 ml/min determined by 24 hour collection or nomogram: CrCl male = (140 - age) times (weight in kg)/serum Cr times 72 CrCl female = 0.85 times (CrCl male)
8. Patients should have no serious acute or chronic co-morbid condition, or acute infection.
9. Patients must sign a study-specific informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Histology other than squamous cell carcinoma.
2. Evidence of distant metastases (below the clavicle) by clinical or radiographic means.
3. Karnofsky performance status < 80 or ECOG>1
4. Prior chemotherapy, within the previous 3 years.
5. Prior radiotherapy to the head and neck.
6. Prior cetuximab therapy, prior therapy with any other drug that targets the EGFR pathway, or prior therapy with a murine or chimeric monoclonal antibody.
7. Initial surgical resection rendering the patient clinically and radiologically disease free.
8. Simultaneous primary invasive cancers.
9. Patients with another malignancy (excluding non melanoma skin cancers, and cancers treated > 3 years prior for which patient remains continuously disease free).
10. Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method to avoid pregnancy for the entire study period and for up to 4 weeks after the study. Subjects who are men must also agree to use effective contraception. WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)) within 72 hours prior to the start of study medication.
11. WOCBP using a prohibited contraceptive method.
12. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
13. Women with a positive pregnancy test on enrollment or prior to study drug administration.
14. Refusal to sign the informed consent.
15. Pre-existing peripheral neuropathy Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 or worse.