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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| KEMRI 917 | Other Identifier | IRB | |
| HSRRB A-13331 | Other Identifier | IRB |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP) | NETWORK |
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The purpose of this study is to determine how GMP IV Artesunate is metabolized and cleared by individuals with uncomplicated malaria infection and to determine how fast it eliminates malaria infection from the body.
This is an unblinded non-randomized phase II pharmacokinetic study of a new GMP formulation of intravenous artesunate. Artesunate has been used throughout Asia and Africa for many years. Its overall efficacy associated with the ability to lower parasitemia is well established. To date, pharmacokinetic studies have not been done in Africa using GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices)-produced drug. The objective of this study is to show that GMP IV artesunate rapidly clears parasites in Adult Kenyan populations with malaria and that the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug approximates other populations of adults tested (Asians and North Americans).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artesunate and Malarone | Experimental | Subject are given intravenous Artesunate once a day for 3 days. Following completion of Artesunate treatment, all subjects received Malarone follow-on therapy to ensure parasitologic cure. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artesunate | Drug | Intravenous Artesunate (2.4 mg/kg) once a day for three days |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Percentage of Parasites Detected at 48 Hours | Change in Percentage of Parasites Detected at 48 Hours. With positive numbers to represent increases and negative numbers to represent decreases | 48 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Parasite Clearance | The target variable is detection (percentage) of asexual stage parasites of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in bloodstream by Giemsa - stained microscopy of thick and thin blood smears | 24 and 48 hours post dose |
| Number of Subjects With Fever Clearance |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Administration of any investigational drug in the period 0 to 16 weeks before entry to the study.
The use of any medication during the period 0 to 14 days (prescribed drugs) or 0 to 5 days (OTC) before entry to the study (including herbal or dietary supplements), except those deemed by the principal investigator / clinical investigator not to interfere with the outcome of the study.
Existence of any surgical or medical condition that, in the judgment of the clinical investigator, might interfere with the distribution, metabolism or excretion of the drug.
History of serious adverse reaction or hypersensitivity to study drug or follow on treatment.
Mixed malaria infection (malaria other than falciparum malaria mono-infection as detected by screening blood smear)
Severe falciparum malaria (as defined by the WHO; Attachment 1).
Donation or loss of greater than 400 ml of blood in the period 0 to 12 weeks before entry to the study,
Transfusion of blood within past 30 days.
Refusal to prevent pregnancy during the 14 days of the trial
Pregnancy as defined clinically or by a positive urine BHCG at the time of screening, or nursing mothers.
Laboratory evidence or history of significant cardiovascular, liver or renal functional abnormality, which in the opinion of the investigator would place them at increased risk. Specifically, the following will serve as exclusionary lab values:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shon A Remich, MD | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Nyanza Provincial Hospital | Kisumu | New Nyanza | Kenya |
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Thirty adult subjects with uncomplicated malaria were recruited from the endemic malarious region of Nyanza province in Kenya came to the New Nyanza Medical Center or sub-location recruitment sites.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Artesunate and Malarone | Subject are given intravenous Artesunate once a day for 3 days. Following completion of Artesunate treatment, all subjects received Malarone follow-on therapy to ensure parasitologic cure. Artesunate and Malarone: Intravenous Artesunate (2.4 mg/kg) once a day for three days and Malarone (proguanil/atovaquone) follow-on therapy (4 tablets once daily for three days) |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Artesunate and Malarone | Subject are given intravenous Artesunate once a day for 3 days. Following completion of Artesunate treatment, all subjects received Malarone follow-on therapy to ensure parasitologic cure. Artesunate and Malarone: Intravenous Artesunate (2.4 mg/kg) once a day for three days and Malarone (proguanil/atovaquone) follow-on therapy (4 tablets once daily for three days) |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Percentage of Parasites Detected at 48 Hours | Change in Percentage of Parasites Detected at 48 Hours. With positive numbers to represent increases and negative numbers to represent decreases | Percentage of parasite change at 48 hours post dose | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of parasite change | 48 hours |
|
14 Days
AE's were solicited using standardized questionnaires at each clinic visit (Days 0 - 14+2)
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Artesunate and Malarone | Subject are given intravenous Artesunate once a day for 3 days. Following completion of Artesunate treatment, all subjects received Malarone follow-on therapy to ensure parasitologic cure. Artesunate and Malarone: Intravenous Artesunate (2.4 mg/kg) once a day for three days and Malarone (proguanil/atovaquone) follow-on therapy (4 tablets once daily for three days) |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Non-systematic Assessment | Possibly related to study drug |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutropenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shon A. Remich, MD | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research | 254-733-628-670 | sremich@hotmail.com |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008288 | Malaria |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011528 | Protozoan Infections |
| D010272 | Parasitic Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D000096724 | Mosquito-Borne Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077332 | Artesunate |
| D011802 | Quinidine |
| C109496 | atovaquone, proguanil drug combination |
| D053626 | Atovaquone |
| D002727 | Proguanil |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D037621 | Artemisinins |
| D017382 | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| D005609 | Free Radicals |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
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| Malarone | Drug | (proguanil/atovaquone) follow-on therapy (4 tablets once daily for three days) |
|
|
Temperature is measured by oral digital thermometers, and fever clearance time is defined as the first time with resolution of fever (<37.5C) sustained for 24 hours |
| Within 48 hours post dose |
| Safety - Severity of Adverse Events | Determine the safety (defined as severity of AE's using the Common Toxicity Criteria) | up to 14 days |
| Safety - Adverse Events Relationship to Study Drug | Determine the safety (defined as relationship to study drug of AE's and SAE's) | up to 14 days |
| Safety - Severity of Serious Adverse Events (SAE's) | Determine the safety (defined as severity of SAE's using the Common Toxicity Criteria) | up to 14 days |
| Safety - Serious Adverse Event (SAE) Relationship to Study Drug | Determine the safety (defined as relationship to study drug of SAE's) | Up to 14 days |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
|
| Secondary | Percentage of Parasite Clearance | The target variable is detection (percentage) of asexual stage parasites of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in bloodstream by Giemsa - stained microscopy of thick and thin blood smears | Percentage of parasite clearance within the first 24 and 48 hours post dose of intravenous artesunate | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of parasite clearance | 24 and 48 hours post dose |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Subjects With Fever Clearance | Temperature is measured by oral digital thermometers, and fever clearance time is defined as the first time with resolution of fever (<37.5C) sustained for 24 hours | Summary of subject with fever clearance, defined as first sustained absence of fever (<37.5C for least 24 hours) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Within 48 hours post dose |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Safety - Severity of Adverse Events | Determine the safety (defined as severity of AE's using the Common Toxicity Criteria) | Posted | Number | Number of adverse events | up to 14 days |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Safety - Adverse Events Relationship to Study Drug | Determine the safety (defined as relationship to study drug of AE's and SAE's) | Posted | Number | Number of adverse events | up to 14 days |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Safety - Severity of Serious Adverse Events (SAE's) | Determine the safety (defined as severity of SAE's using the Common Toxicity Criteria) | Posted | Number | Number of events | up to 14 days |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Safety - Serious Adverse Event (SAE) Relationship to Study Drug | Determine the safety (defined as relationship to study drug of SAE's) | Posted | Number | Number of events | Up to 14 days |
|
|
|
| 1 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
|
|
| Neutropenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Anaemia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Eosinophilia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Eosinophilia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Leukopenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Leukopenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Lymphopenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Lymphopenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Hypotension | Vascular disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Hypotension | Vascular disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Hypertension | Vascular disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Hypertension | Vascular disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Pyrexia | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Pyrexia | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Chills | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Chills | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Infusion site pain | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Infusion site pain | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Fatigue | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Fatigue | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Chest pain | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Chest pain | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Oedema peripheral | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Oedema peripheral | General disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Bradycardia | Cardiac disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Bradycardia | Cardiac disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Tachycardia | Cardiac disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Tachycardia | Cardiac disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Upper respiratory tract infection | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Upper respiratory tract infection | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Viral infection | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Viral infection | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Abscess | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Abscess | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Furuncle | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Furuncle | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Herpes simplex | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Herpes simplex | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Hordeolum | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Hordeolum | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Oral candidiasis | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Oral candidiasis | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Viraemia | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Viraemia | Infections and infestations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Headache | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Headache | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Dizziness | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Dizziness | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Syncope vasovagal | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Syncope vasovagal | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Vomiting | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Vomiting | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Abdominal pain | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Abdominal pain | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Abdominal pain, upper | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Abdominal pain, upper | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Cheilitis | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Cheilitis | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Constipation | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Constipation | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Diarrhea | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Diarrhea | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Enteritis | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Enteritis | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Gingival pain | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Gingival pain | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Hyperglycaemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Hyperglycaemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Anorexia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Anorexia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Hypoglycaemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Hypoglycaemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Cough | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Cough | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Tachypoea | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Tachypnoea | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Pharyngolaryngeal pain | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Pharyngolaryngeal pain | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Rhinorrhoea | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Rhinorrhoea | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Dermatitis atopic | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Dermatitis atopic | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Pruritus | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Pruritus | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Rash | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Rash | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Rash macular | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Rash macular | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Arthralgia | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Arthralgia | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Back pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Back pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Neck pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Neck pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Pain in extremity | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Pain in extremity | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Conjunctivitis | Eye disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Conjunctivitis | Eye disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
| Bilirubin decreased | Investigations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Related to study drug |
|
| Bilirubin decreased | Investigations | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Systematic Assessment | Not related to study drug |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| D000079426 |
| Vector Borne Diseases |
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D012717 | Sesquiterpenes |
| D013729 | Terpenes |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D002930 | Cinchona Alkaloids |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011812 | Quinuclidines |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D011804 | Quinolines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D009285 | Naphthoquinones |
| D011809 | Quinones |
| D009281 | Naphthalenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D001645 | Biguanides |
| D006146 | Guanidines |
| D000578 | Amidines |
| Title | Measurements |
|---|
|
| Title | Measurements |
|---|
|