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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| NIH grant # DK 73354 |
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Inadequate number of patients, lack of funding
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) | NIH |
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This study will test the effectiveness of two medications: ACEI (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor)and ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) in reducing the renal injury induced by hyperoxaluria in patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria.
Hypothesis: Calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney causes inflammation and resulting injury to kidney tissue. Angiotensin blockade will improve these changes, thus slowing the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria.
In patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH), deficiency of hepatic enzymes important in disposition of glyoxylate results in marked hyperoxaluria. Calcium oxalate crystals and high oxalate concentrations in the renal filtrate result in inflammation and injury in the renal parenchyma. Loss of renal function over time is characteristic, with end stage renal failure occurring in half the patients by age 35 years, but as early as infancy in some patients. Experience in animal models of hyperoxaluria, and from other renal diseases, supports a role for ACEI and ARB medications in ameliorating inflammation and injury thus providing a renal protective effect.
We propose to study the short-term effect of combined angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) therapy in patients with PH, in a controlled, randomized, two-year study. Primary endpoints will be urinary markers of renal tubular injury (retinol binding protein (RBP), alpha 1 microglobulin (α1m), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and interstitial fibrosis (transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). Secondary endpoints will be the rates of change in renal tubular injury and renal function as determined by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active Comparator | Patients will be randomized to a combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker. Patients will be randomized to a combination of ARB(losartan 50 mg daily in adult patients, 0.7 mg/kg/day in patients < 40 kg) ACE-I (lisinopril 10 mg daily in adult patients, 0.15 mg/kg/day in pediatric patients < 40 kg) to be taken for 24 months. |
|
| 2 | Placebo Comparator | Patients will take placebo for 24 months. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACEI / Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | Drug | Patients will be randomized to a combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Patients will be randomized to a combination of ARB(losartan 50 mg daily in adult patients, 0.7 mg/kg/day in patients < 40 kg) ACE-I (lisinopril 10 mg daily in adult patients, 0.15 mg/kg/day in pediatric patients < 40 kg) to be taken for 24 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Two-year change in the urinary markers of renal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis | 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of change in 1. Renal tubular injury markers and 2. Renal function as determined by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. | 2 years |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
a. Age < 10 years. b. Glomerular filtration rate < 50 at start of study c. Hypersensitivity to ACEI or ARB medications d. Chronic use of ACEI or ARB medications prior to enrollment e. Hyperkalemia f. Previous renal transplant g. Homozygosity for the G170R mutation of AGXT h. Unwillingness to use adequate contraception during the study. i. Pregnancy
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dawn S Milliner, M.D. | Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester MN | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7969325 | Background | Milliner DS, Eickholt JT, Bergstralh EJ, Wilson DM, Smith LH. Results of long-term treatment with orthophosphate and pyridoxine in patients with primary hyperoxaluria. N Engl J Med. 1994 Dec 8;331(23):1553-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199412083312304. | |
| 2570167 | Background | Khan SR, Shevock PN, Hackett RL. Urinary enzymes and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. J Urol. 1989 Sep;142(3):846-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38928-0. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| The Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006959 | Hyperoxaluria |
| D006960 | Hyperoxaluria, Primary |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000806 | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
| D017706 | Lisinopril |
| D057911 | Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists |
| D019808 | Losartan |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011480 | Protease Inhibitors |
| D004791 | Enzyme Inhibitors |
| D045504 | Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
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|
| ARB /Angiotensin Receptor Blocker | Drug | Patients will be randomized to a combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker,Patients will be randomized to a combination of ARB(losartan 50 mg daily in adult patients, 0.7 mg/kg/day in patients < 40 kg) ACE-I (lisinopril 10 mg daily in adult patients, 0.15 mg/kg/day in pediatric patients < 40 kg) to be taken for 24 months. |
|
|
| Placebo | Drug | Patients will receive placebo for 24 months |
|
| 15961949 | Background | Lieske JC, Monico CG, Holmes WS, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, Rohlinger AL, Olson JB, Milliner DS. International registry for primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Nephrol. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):290-6. doi: 10.1159/000086360. Epub 2005 Jun 15. |
| 12453917 | Background | Huang C, Kim Y, Caramori ML, Fish AJ, Rich SS, Miller ME, Russell GB, Mauer M. Cellular basis of diabetic nephropathy: II. The transforming growth factor-beta system and diabetic nephropathy lesions in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51(12):3577-81. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3577. |
| 12454225 | Background | Goumenos DS, Tsakas S, El Nahas AM, Alexandri S, Oldroyd S, Kalliakmani P, Vlachojannis JG. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) in the kidney and urine of patients with glomerular disease and proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Dec;17(12):2145-52. doi: 10.1093/ndt/17.12.2145. |
| 12214261 | Background | Scaglione R, Argano C, Parrinello G, Colomba D, Di Chiara T, Ferrante A, Di Garbo V, Avellone G, Licata G. Relationship between transforming growth factor beta1 and progression of hypertensive renal disease. J Hum Hypertens. 2002 Sep;16(9):641-5. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001465. |
| 12028447 | Background | Abbate M, Zoja C, Rottoli D, Corna D, Tomasoni S, Remuzzi G. Proximal tubular cells promote fibrogenesis by TGF-beta1-mediated induction of peritubular myofibroblasts. Kidney Int. 2002 Jun;61(6):2066-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00380.x. |
| 11435885 | Background | Toblli JE, Ferder L, Stella I, Angerosa M, Inserra F. Protective role of enalapril for chronic tubulointerstitial lesions of hyperoxaluria. J Urol. 2001 Jul;166(1):275-80. |
| Background | Toblli JE, Stella I, Angerosa M, Nyberg C, Ferder L, Inserra F: Transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF--b1) and collagen typ III in hyperoxaluric rats treated with enalapril. J Am Soc Nephrol 8:528A, 1997. |
| 9931109 | Background | Toblli JE, Stella I, de Cavanagh E, Angerosa M, Inserra F, Ferder L. Enalapril prevents tubulointerstitial lesions by hyperoxaluria. Hypertension. 1999 Jan;33(1 Pt 2):225-31. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.33.1.225. |
| 8429213 | Background | Danielpour D. Improved sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for transforming growth factor beta 1. J Immunol Methods. 1993 Jan 14;158(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90254-5. |
| 14617750 | Background | Sato M, Muragaki Y, Saika S, Roberts AB, Ooshima A. Targeted disruption of TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling protects against renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Clin Invest. 2003 Nov;112(10):1486-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI19270. |
| 9453300 | Background | Border WA, Noble NA. Interactions of transforming growth factor-beta and angiotensin II in renal fibrosis. Hypertension. 1998 Jan;31(1 Pt 2):181-8. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.181. |
| 10886559 | Background | Haugen EN, Croatt AJ, Nath KA. Angiotensin II induces renal oxidant stress in vivo and heme oxygenase-1 in vivo and in vitro. Kidney Int. 2000 Jul;58(1):144-52. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00150.x. |
| 9124472 | Background | de Cavanagh EM, Fraga CG, Ferder L, Inserra F. Enalapril and captopril enhance antioxidant defenses in mouse tissues. Am J Physiol. 1997 Feb;272(2 Pt 2):R514-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.2.R514. |
| 10792600 | Background | Taal MW, Brenner BM. Renoprotective benefits of RAS inhibition: from ACEI to angiotensin II antagonists. Kidney Int. 2000 May;57(5):1803-17. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00031.x. |
| 9914857 | Background | Basile DP. The transforming growth factor beta system in kidney disease and repair: recent progress and future directions. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1999 Jan;8(1):21-30. doi: 10.1097/00041552-199901000-00005. |
| 12105385 | Background | Taal MW, Brenner BM. Combination ACEI and ARB therapy: additional benefit in renoprotection? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2002 Jul;11(4):377-81. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200207000-00001. |
| 10469358 | Background | Noda M, Matsuo T, Fukuda R, Ohta M, Nagano H, Shibouta Y, Naka T, Nishikawa K, Imura Y. Effect of candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116) in rats with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 1999 Sep;56(3):898-909. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00614.x. |
| 11058759 | Background | Akerstrom B, Logdberg L, Berggard T, Osmark P, Lindqvist A. alpha(1)-Microglobulin: a yellow-brown lipocalin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Oct 18;1482(1-2):172-84. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00157-6. |
| 6186698 | Background | Yu H, Yanagisawa Y, Forbes MA, Cooper EH, Crockson RA, MacLennan IC. Alpha-1-microglobulin: an indicator protein for renal tubular function. J Clin Pathol. 1983 Mar;36(3):253-9. doi: 10.1136/jcp.36.3.253. |
| 11961401 | Background | Kirsztajn GM, Nishida SK, Silva MS, Ajzen H, Moura LA, Pereira AB. Urinary retinol-binding protein as a prognostic marker in glomerulopathies. Nephron. 2002 Apr;90(4):424-31. doi: 10.1159/000054730. |
| 10620205 | Background | Norden AG, Scheinman SJ, Deschodt-Lanckman MM, Lapsley M, Nortier JL, Thakker RV, Unwin RJ, Wrong O. Tubular proteinuria defined by a study of Dent's (CLCN5 mutation) and other tubular diseases. Kidney Int. 2000 Jan;57(1):240-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00847.x. |
| 12584277 | Background | Westhuyzen J, Endre ZH, Reece G, Reith DM, Saltissi D, Morgan TJ. Measurement of tubular enzymuria facilitates early detection of acute renal impairment in the intensive care unit. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Mar;18(3):543-51. doi: 10.1093/ndt/18.3.543. |
| 3840540 | Background | Werness PG, Brown CM, Smith LH, Finlayson B. EQUIL2: a BASIC computer program for the calculation of urinary saturation. J Urol. 1985 Dec;134(6):1242-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47703-2. |
| 10657269 | Background | Kavanagh JP, Jones L, Rao PN. Calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics studied by oxalate-induced turbidity in fresh human urine and artificial urine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000 Feb;98(2):151-8. |
| 10210440 | Background | Fan J, Chandhoke PS. Examination of crystalluria in freshly voided urines of recurrent calcium stone formers and normal individuals using a new filter technique. J Urol. 1999 May;161(5):1685-8. |
| Background | Werness PG, Bergert JH, Smith LH: Crystalluria. J Crystal Growth 53:166-181, 1981 |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002239 | Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors |
| D008661 | Metabolism, Inborn Errors |
| D030342 | Genetic Diseases, Inborn |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D004151 | Dipeptides |
| D009842 | Oligopeptides |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D001713 | Biphenyl Compounds |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D013777 | Tetrazoles |