5-week Education and Support Program for Caregivers of older adults.+ augmentation with social worker

Control group usual care

Physical Role Function was assessed using one of the eight subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form (SF-36) which looked at how emotional or physical issues interfered with everyday social roles of the caregiver. 4 items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = All of the time and 5= None of the time) with total scale range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with lower scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Physical function was assessed using one of the eight subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form (SF-36) which is represented by 10 items tapping basic functional abilities of the caregiver (Does their health limit them in the following activities). 10 items were scored on a 3-Point Likert Scale with 1= Limited A lot and 3= Not Limited and total scale range between 1 and 3. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with lower scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Short Form). The CES-D is a 10 Question Scale with total scores ranging from 0-30. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total number of participants. Any score equal to or above 10 is considered depressed. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Burden was assessed using one of the five subscales from the revised Caregiver Appraisal Scale (CAS) through 9-items based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = Never and 5= Nearly always). Mean for the total scores, calculated as the total sum divided by the number of participants, where scores could range from 9 to 45 were calculated, with higher scores indicating poorer outcomes. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Satisfaction was assessed using one of the five subscales from the revised Caregiver Appraisal Scale (CAS) through 6-items based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = Disagree A lot and 5= Agree A lot). Mean for the total scores, calculated as the total sum divided by the number of participants, where scores could range from 6 to 30 were calculated, with higher scores indicating poorer outcomes. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Mastery was assessed using one of the five subscales from the revised Caregiver Appraisal Scale (CAS) through a 4-item question assessing a sense of doing a good job of care provision based on a 5-point likert scale with (5= Agree A lot and 1= Disagree A lot). Mean for the total scores, calculated as the total sum divided by the number of participants, where scores could range from 5 to 20 were calculated, with higher scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Efficacy was assessed using the RIS Eldercare Self Efficacy Scale (RIS) a 10-item inventory addressing family caregiver's perception of their own ability to manage care provision challenges in the areas of relationship with the care recipient, instrumental care provision, and self-soothing (managing the strains of care provision) based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = Im certain I CANNOT Do This and 5= Im certain I CAN Do This) with a total score range between1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, higher scores indicating better outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Personal Mastery was assessed using the Personal Mastery Scale which afforded a general measure of self-perceived ability to manage stressors and effect change in one's life through a 7-item question based on a 5-point likert scale with (5 = Agree A lot and 1= Disagree A lot) and a total score range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with higher scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Perceived Social Support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) a 19-item scale that taps perceived emotional/informational, tangible, and affectionate support, and positive social interaction based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = None of the time and 5= All of the time) with total score range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with higher scores indicating better outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Control: Control group usual care

Total of all reporting groups

Subjective Health was assessed using one of the eight subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form (SF-36) which looked at the how the respondent (caregiver) perceived their own health currently and compared to a year ago. Two items were based on a 5-point Likert scale (1 =Excellent and 5= Poor) with a total scale range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total number of items, with higher scores indicating poorer outcomes. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Physical Role Function was assessed using one of the eight subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form (SF-36) which looked at how emotional or physical issues interfered with everyday social roles of the caregiver. 4 items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = All of the time and 5= None of the time) with total scale range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with lower scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Physical function was assessed using one of the eight subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form (SF-36) which is represented by 10 items tapping basic functional abilities of the caregiver (Does their health limit them in the following activities). 10 items were scored on a 3-Point Likert Scale with 1= Limited A lot and 3= Not Limited and total scale range between 1 and 3. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with lower scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Short Form). The CES-D is a 10 Question Scale with total scores ranging from 0-30. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total number of participants. Any score equal to or above 10 is considered depressed. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Burden was assessed using one of the five subscales from the revised Caregiver Appraisal Scale (CAS) through 9-items based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = Never and 5= Nearly always). Mean for the total scores, calculated as the total sum divided by the number of participants, where scores could range from 9 to 45 were calculated, with higher scores indicating poorer outcomes. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Satisfaction was assessed using one of the five subscales from the revised Caregiver Appraisal Scale (CAS) through 6-items based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = Disagree A lot and 5= Agree A lot). Mean for the total scores, calculated as the total sum divided by the number of participants, where scores could range from 6 to 30 were calculated, with higher scores indicating poorer outcomes. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Mastery was assessed using one of the five subscales from the revised Caregiver Appraisal Scale (CAS) through a 4-item question assessing a sense of doing a good job of care provision based on a 5-point likert scale with (5= Agree A lot and 1= Disagree A lot). Mean for the total scores, calculated as the total sum divided by the number of participants, where scores could range from 5 to 20 were calculated, with higher scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Efficacy was assessed using the RIS Eldercare Self Efficacy Scale (RIS) a 10-item inventory addressing family caregiver's perception of their own ability to manage care provision challenges in the areas of relationship with the care recipient, instrumental care provision, and self-soothing (managing the strains of care provision) based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = Im certain I CANNOT Do This and 5= Im certain I CAN Do This) with a total score range between1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, higher scores indicating better outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Personal Mastery was assessed using the Personal Mastery Scale which afforded a general measure of self-perceived ability to manage stressors and effect change in one's life through a 7-item question based on a 5-point likert scale with (5 = Agree A lot and 1= Disagree A lot) and a total score range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with higher scores indicating poorer outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caregiver Perceived Social Support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) a 19-item scale that taps perceived emotional/informational, tangible, and affectionate support, and positive social interaction based on a 5-point likert scale with (1 = None of the time and 5= All of the time) with total score range between 1 and 5. Mean scores were calculated by finding the total sum divided by the total item number, with higher scores indicating better outcome. Calculations were completed at each time interval (baseline, 6month follow-up, and 12month follow-up) and for each study arm (Arm 1, Arm 2 and Arm 3).

Caring for you, caring for me + social worker: 5-week Education and Support Program for Caregivers of older adults.+ augmentation with social worker

Control: Control group usual care