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Depression is a common and often serious problem occurring in stroke patients. Inflammatory hormones, known as cytokines, are stimulated by an activated immune system and sometimes become active following a stroke. They may be responsible for altering levels of key neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the blood and brain of stroke patients. The investigators' objective is to examine whether increased cytokine activity following a stroke may be the cause of an increased presence or severity of depression or cognitive impairment among stroke patients, as a result of tryptophan depletion and/or kynurenine activation. They are recruiting patients within one month of their strokes and measuring levels of key markers in their blood. Patients are assessed for the presence of depressive and/or cognitive symptoms and treated with an antidepressant if needed. The investigators expect to show that cytokine activation is related to depression and/or cognitive impairment among stroke patients.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citalopram | Drug | Patients who are found to have major depression will be referred to a psychologist |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | |
| Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | |
| NINCDS-CSN Vascular Cognitive Impairment Battery | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | |
| NIH Stroke Scale | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Krista L Lanctot, PhD | Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| York Central Hospital | Richmond Hill | Ontario | L4C 4Z3 | Canada | ||
| St. John's Rehabilitation Hospital |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25285006 | Result | Bensimon K, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Yi H, Black SE, Gao FQ, Snaiderman A, Lanctot KL. Kynurenine and depressive symptoms in a poststroke population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014 Sep 22;10:1827-35. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S65740. eCollection 2014. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015283 | Citalopram |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011437 | Propylamines |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009570 | Nitriles |
| D001572 |
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| Toronto |
| Ontario |
| M2M 2G1 |
| Canada |
| Toronto Rehabilitation Institute | Toronto | Ontario | M4G 1R7 | Canada |
| Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre | Toronto | Ontario | M4N 3M5 | Canada |
| Baycrest | Toronto | Ontario | M6A 2E1 | Canada |
| D002493 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| Benzofurans |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |