This study examined whether a hypnosis intervention, compared to standard care, could help reduce distress and pain for children undergoing an invasive medical procedure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• The child: (1) was scheduled for an upcoming VCUG ; (2) must have undergone at least one previous VCUG; (3) was at least 4 years of age at the time of the previous VCUG; (4) experienced distress during the previous VCUG; and (5) both child and participating parent were English speaking.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not meeting any of the above criteria.