The standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, stage IV or IIIB malignant pleural effusion is chemotherapy. The decision to use a regimen is currently determined by toxicity or by physician's preference. In this protocol, the treatment regimen will be assigned based on the patients' tumor molecular profile. A tumor molecular profile analysis will allow the physician to define a specific molecular portrait that shows the genetic basis of the tumor. This analysis results in a detailed report that will determine which chemotherapy will be assigned to the patient.

Evaluation at study entry will include blood tests, computerized tomography (CT) scans or other types of scans needed to measure other disease sites. A biopsy of one tumor is required for tumor analysis. If the patient's cancer has spread to other locations that may be easier to obtain tissue from and be less invasive, then the biopsy specimen may be collected from one of several possible locations that may exist within the patient's body. These possible sites include lung, bone, liver, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, nodules under the skin, or in cases of brain involvement requiring surgery, brain tissue. Sometimes fluids build up between the lining of the lung and the lung itself. If this happened to the patient and their doctor tells them the fluid should be drained, then this fluid may also be a source of cells we can use to analyze the patients cancer. In very rare cases, other sites might be identified.

Chemotherapy will consist of the assigned two drugs. Chemotherapy will be repeated every three or four weeks for at least two times. Patients will then have a CT scan to measure their tumor's response. Response can be reduction of tumor size, no change of tumor size, or increased tumor size. Doing CT Scans or other tests after every two cycles of chemotherapy will assess for response. If we see a favorable response we will continue chemotherapy for a maximum of two times after the best response we can see in the patient's tumor. If the patient's tumor grows larger, then we discontinue the study and the patient will discuss other treatment options with their doctor.

During treatment, a blood specimen will be obtained to check the patient's blood counts at the beginning and end of study, and prior to administration of every dose of chemotherapy. Approximately 3 teaspoonfuls (15 mls) of blood will be drawn each time.

Inclusion Criteria:

• histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma, large cell or squamous cell carcinoma NSCLC; as well as be willing to undergo a biopsy to enable customization of chemotherapy; unresectable/ metastatic (stage IV or IIIB malignant pleural effusion) NSCLC;

• male or female, aged > 18 years;

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 or 1;

• adequate bone marrow, hepatic and renal function assessed within 14 days as evidenced by the following:

  1. absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/mm3
  2. platelet count > 100,000/mm3
  3. Hemoglobin > 8gm/dl
  4. no evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome or abnormal bone marrow reserve;
  5. creatinine < 1.5 x upper normal limit(UNL)
  6. total bilirubin must be within normal limits
  7. aspartate aminotransferase(AST)Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT) and/or alanine aminotranserase (ALT) serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT) < 2×5 x UNL in the presence of a normal alkaline phosphatase;
  8. alkaline phosphatases < 4 x UNL in the presence of normal AST and ALT; patients with elevations of both alkaline phosphatase and liver enzymes (AST & ALT) will be excluded.
  9. serum calcium < 1.1 x UNL;

• at least one unidimensionally measurable lesion;

• signed informed consent;

• Women of childbearing potential should have negative pregnancy test prior to enrollment to study.

• Men with partners in the childbearing age group and women of childbearing potential must use effective contraception while on treatment and for 6 months thereafter.

• previous surgery (more that 30 days before study entry) is allowed but metastatic disease must be demonstrated;

• previous radiotherapy is allowed if:

  1. end of radiotherapy 21 days or more prior to study entry;
  2. patient has fully recovered from all toxic effects;
  3. at least one of the measurable target lesions is outside the radiation field.

• The patient will be enrolled and re-biopsied at the H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center. However since the patients are being treated by FDA approved drugs and with regimens for which phase I, phase II or phase III data are available the patients may have their chemotherapy administered at the their primary (referring) oncologists office.

• Complete initial staging work-up within 4 weeks prior to first infusion of chemotherapy.

• Patient should have a normal Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Prothrombin Time with Thromboplastin and kaolin (APTT), to enable him to undergo a biopsy.

• Peripheral neuropathy < grade I (according to the NCI-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE Version 3.0)

• Patients with stable brain metastases will be allowed to enroll. Stable brain metastases being defined as no progression of brain metastases 28 days after conclusion of definitive treatment as documented by a CT Scan or MRI of the Brain

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or lactating women

• Prior systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, patients may have received neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy but more than 6 months prior to study entry;

• Prior malignancies, except cured non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in situ carcinoma of the cervix or other cancer curatively treated and with non-evidence of disease for at least 3 years;

• presence of uncontrolled brain or leptomeningeal metastases;

• current peripheral neuropathy and hearing deficit of neural origin, CTCAE v3.0 grade 2 except if due to trauma;

• other serious illness or medical condition, including but not limited to:

  1. congestive heart disease; prior myocardial infarction within 6 months;
  2. history of significant neurologic or psychiatric disorders that would inhibit their understanding and giving of informed consent;
  3. infection requiring I.V. antibiotics and tuberculosis under treatment ongoing at study entry;
  4. untreated superior vena cava syndrome;
  5. active peptic ulcer; unstable diabetes mellitus or other contraindication to high dose corticosteroid therapy such as herpes, herpes zoster, cirrhosis;
  6. hypercalcemia requiring therapy at the time of study entry;
  7. preexisting clinically significant ascites and/or clinical significant pericardial effusion;

• patients whose lesion(s) are assessable only by radionuclide scan;

• patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to Taxotere or other drugs formulated with polysorbate 80 must be excluded

• concurrent treatment with other investigational drugs.