This study was stopped early due to slow enrollment.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) administered subcutaneously (sc) once every week (qw) vs. no epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment in patients with cancer who are anemic.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hematologic response in patients receiving epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) therapy for persistent chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (anemia) after completion of chemotherapy administration as compared to patients who do not receive weekly epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) immediately after cessation of chemotherapy. Further, the duration of treatment necessary to achieve these endpoints will be studied. A No/Delayed epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment control (whereby patients in the control group will receive epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) if their Hb decreases to < 10g/dL during the study) will be used to establish the frequency and magnitude of changes in clinical end points that may occur when epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment is not continued (or started) for patients with residual myelosuppression after chemotherapy administration has ended. A 2:1 randomization will be used to give every patient a greater chance to receive immediate treatment (66.6% epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment vs. 33.3% No/Delayed epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment). The study will be powered to show differences between the two groups in hematologic response.

In this study, the hematologic response is defined as the proportion of patients who are transfusion-free and are able to maintain their mean Hb level at >= 11 g/dL during the study without a Hb drop to <= 10 g/dL and/or transfusion.

The study hypothesis was that immediate epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment would be more effective in treatment of anemia than No/Delayed epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment in patients with cancer and persistent chemotherapy-induced anemia. Patients will be randomized 2:1 to receive epoetin alf or no epoetin treatment. The starting dose will be 40,000 Units weekly (QW) or the dose they were on prior to the study (30,000-60,000 Units QW). If the Hb level decreases to <= 10 g/dL, PROCRIT will be initiated at a dose of 40,000 Units QW.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-myeloid malignancy
• Baseline hemoglobin value >= 11 g/dL and <= 12 g/dL unrelated to transfusion
• Female patients with reproductive potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening. Patients must have signed an informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Uncontrolled hypertension
• History (within 6 months) of uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias, or history of pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, other arterial or venous thrombotic events (excluding superficial thromboses), or known history of chronic coagulation disorder
• Transfusion within 28 days prior to first dose
• Planned myelosuppressive chemotherapy or radiation during study and no prior chemotherapy within 8 weeks or radiation within 4 weeks of study entry.