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The purpose of the study is to determine whether mycophenolate mofetil is superior to azathioprine to prevent flares of lupus nephritis.
Proliferative glomerulonephritis is a common and severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that usually requires intensive therapy with high doses of glucocorticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs, such as intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC). The objective of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial is to compare mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA), in terms of efficacy and toxicity, as remission-maintaining treatment of proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis, after a remission-inducing therapy with a short-course IV CYC regimen. The hypothesis addressed by the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial is that MMF is superior to AZA.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Experimental | Mycophenolate mofetil (target dose 2g/day) |
|
| 2 | Active Comparator | Azathioprine (target dose 2mg/kg/day) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mycophenolate mofetil | Drug | Mycophenolate mofetil |
| |
| Azathioprine |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to renal flare | 5 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of withdrawals due to toxicity | 5 years and 10 years | |
| Cumulated glucocorticoid intake | 5 years and 10 years | |
| Number of treatment failures |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Frédéric A Houssiau, MD, PhD | Université Catholique de Louvain | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Université catholique de Louvain | Brussels | B-1200 | Belgium |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26629352 | Derived | Tamirou F, Lauwerys BR, Dall'Era M, Mackay M, Rovin B, Cervera R, Houssiau FA; MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial Investigators. A proteinuria cut-off level of 0.7 g/day after 12 months of treatment best predicts long-term renal outcome in lupus nephritis: data from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial. Lupus Sci Med. 2015 Nov 12;2(1):e000123. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000123. eCollection 2015. | |
| 25757867 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008181 | Lupus Nephritis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005921 | Glomerulonephritis |
| D009393 | Nephritis |
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009173 | Mycophenolic Acid |
| D001379 | Azathioprine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002208 | Caproates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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| Drug |
Azathioprine |
|
| 5 years and 10 years |
| 24-hour proteinuria over time | 5 years and 10 years |
| Serum creatinine titers | 5 years and 10 years |
| Time to renal flare | 10 years |
| Derived |
| Tamirou F, D'Cruz D, Sangle S, Remy P, Vasconcelos C, Fiehn C, Ayala Guttierez Mdel M, Gilboe IM, Tektonidou M, Blockmans D, Ravelingien I, le Guern V, Depresseux G, Guillevin L, Cervera R, Houssiau FA; MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial Group. Long-term follow-up of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial, comparing azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Mar;75(3):526-31. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206897. Epub 2015 Mar 10. |
| D052776 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D008180 | Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic |
| D003240 | Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D005227 |
| Fatty Acids |
| D008055 | Lipids |
| D013872 | Thionucleosides |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D015122 | Mercaptopurine |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D009705 | Nucleosides |
| D009706 | Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides |