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The benefit of small doses of ketamine has been demonstrated for postoperative analgesia in adults but remains unproved in children. The investigators' purpose is to evaluate the effects of continuous intravenous small doses of ketamine versus placebo to improve the quality of postoperative analgesia in children (6 months to 6 years of age). Caudal anesthesia is performed for intraoperative analgesia and all children receive paracetamol, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and continuous intravenous nalbuphine.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ketamine | Drug |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under the curve of pain scores (CHEOPS) measured | every 2 hours during the first 24 hours after eyes open |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation by the parents and nurses of the quality of analgesia with a visual analogue scale graded from 0 to 10 | at the 24th hour | |
| Number of painful episodes requiring additional boluses of nalbuphine |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Véronique Bazin, MD | Contact | 00 33 2 40 08 35 47 | veronique.bazin@chu-nantes.fr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Véronique Bazin, MD | Nantes UH | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nantes University Hospital | Recruiting | Nantes | 44093 | France |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007649 | Ketamine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003510 | Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
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| Number of children requiring morphine after inefficiency of additional boluses of nalbuphine |
| Percentage of children with side effects related to injection of ketamine |
| Time to complete feeding |
| Percentage of children with nausea or vomiting |
| D006838 |
| Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |