The trial is planned as a multicentric, randomized, prospective, open study in accordance with a 1/1 plan, on parallel groups and 2 arms of treatment. A total of 200 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, included in the French national waiting list of the Establishment Français des Greffes [French Transplants Institution] and receiving a first renal transplant will be included, after signed agreement, in this study. All the patients will receive organs taken from brain-dead subjects. The patients will be given immunosuppressant treatment based on rabbit anti-T lymphocyte serum, CellCeptÒ and NeoralÒ cyclosporin. One group of 100 randomised patients will be given standard corticosteroid therapy as well during the first six months following the transplant. This group will be compared with a second group of 100 randomised patients who will be given a single dose of corticosteroids. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the number of acute rejection episodes in patients given a first renal transplant and subjected to an immunosuppressant protocol not containing corticosteroids. The hypothesis which is proposed is that, in the absence of corticosteroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors (i.e. cyclosporin and tacrolimus), antilymphocyte serum results in a certain state of "tolerance" in respect of the allograft. The second objective concerns the beneficial effect which the absence of corticosteroids may have on short- and long-term postoperative morbidity and mortality. One may in fact assume that the absence of corticosteroids will result in an extension of the transplant patient's life expectancy as a result of the reduction in cardiovascular complications. Cardiovascular complications are the most frequent cause of death after a renal transplant.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient who is a candidate for a first cadaver renal transplantation and included on the national list of the Etablissement Français des Greffes
• Man or woman aged between 18 and 65 years
• Women of reproductive age must agree to use a reliable contraceptive method throughout the first year of the study
• Donor aged between 18 and 65 years
• Patient who has been given full information about the study and who has given his written informed consent to take part in it.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding
• Patient with an immunological risk considered high and defined as a percentage of anti-HLA antibodies of ³20% (previous or recent determination of T lymphocytes)
• Patient with a history of allergy to rabbit proteins
• Cold ischaemia time of more than 36 hours
• Patient allergic to macrolide antibiotics, to tacrolimus or to MMF
• Patient on immunosuppressant treatment before transplantation
• Patient suffering from a malignant neoplasm or with a history of malignant neoplasia, with the exception of treated baso- or spinocellular cancers
• Patient waiting for another transplant in addition to the kidney
• Patient who has already received an organ or tissue graft
• Leukocyte count <2000/mm3 and/or platelet count <50 000/mm3
• Patient suffering from focal glomerulonephritis