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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Takeda | INDUSTRY |
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effects of the thiazolidinedione agent pioglitazone (which has combined PPAR alpha and gamma stimulation) on insulin's ability to suppress glucose production, stimulated glucose uptake, and impact a number of other metabolically important endpoints, including production of adiponectin (a protein hormone which regulates sugar levels and fatty acid breakdown) in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Participants in this study were given a supply of either pioglitazone (a medication used to treat diabetes) or matched placebo for a duration of 10 days or 21 days. Changes to the body's response to insulin in the liver and in peripheral tissues (eg, muscle and fat) will be measured using a procedure called a pancreatic clamp. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin were infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. Small amounts of muscle and fat tissue were also taken during this study to measure changes in gene expression after taking the medication/placebo.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | Active Comparator | Participants received Pioglitazone 45 mg via oral capsule daily for 10 or 21 days in randomized, placebo-controlled crossover fashion, separated by a wash-out period. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of the pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) were infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are related to glucose metabolism. |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Participants received matched placebo via oral capsule daily for 10 or 21 days in randomized, placebo-controlled crossover fashion, separated by a wash-out period. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of the pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) were infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are related to glucose metabolism. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | Drug | This was a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study in which subjects received both agents in random order, separated by a wash-out period. Following 10 or 21 days' intervention, subjects underwent a pancreatic clamp study. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Endogenous Glucose Production (EGP) | EGP (a measure of the body's production of sugar) was measured by using a 6-hour stepped pancreatic clamp procedure under various treatment conditions (e.g., Pioglitazone or placebo at 10-days and/or 21-days), by monitoring the level of a non-radioactive, naturally occurring form of glucose (sugar). The relevant data at the end of each last 60 minute bin of each run was reported for each of the four groups up to 6 hours. Results are summarized by study arm/group and reported in milligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min). | Up to 6 hours |
| Glucose Rates of Disappearance (Rd) | Glucose rates of disappearance were measured using a stepped pancreatic clamp study procedure under various treatment conditions (e.g., Pioglitazone or placebo at 10-days and/or 21-days) by monitoring the level of a non-radioactive, naturally occurring form of glucose (sugar). For purposes of this study, the most relevant data for the final hour is summarized within each study Pioglitazone and Placebo study arm/group, respectively. Results are summarized by study arm/group and reported in milligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min). | Up to 6 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Expression in Both Whole Fat Tissue and Isolated Macrophages | Gene expression of inflammatory markers in both whole fat tissue and isolated macrophages were studied by quantitative, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in placebo and Pioglitazone groups of either 10- or 21-day study. The reporting data was calculated as the ratio between the target genes and housekeeping genes in either the 10- or 21-day study. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
• Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Meredith Hawkins, M.D., M.S. | Albert Einstein College of Medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Einstein College of Medicine | The Bronx | New York | 10461 | United States |
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A total of 26 adult volunteers with type 2 diabetes completed the 10-day and/or the 21-day protocols. 13 participants completed the 10-day studies, and 13 completed the 21-day studies. Three subjects participated in both the 10-day and 21-day studies, more than six months apart.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | 2000-200 10-day Study Only | Participants received either 45mg of Pioglitazone (pio) or Placebo (matched to Pioglitazone) via oral capsule daily for 10 days, in randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over fashion. Following a 4 week wash-out period, participants were crossed over to the corresponding intervention (45mg of Pioglitazone or Placebo) via oral capsule daily for 10 days. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to investigate the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| FG001 | 2000-200 21-day Study Only | Participants received either 45mg of Pioglitazone (pio) or Placebo (matched to Pioglitazone) via oral capsule daily for 21 days, in randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over fashion. Following a 4 week wash-out period, participants were crossed over to the corresponding intervention (45mg of Pioglitazone or Placebo) via oral capsule daily for 21 days. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| FG002 | 2000-200 10-day and 21-day Study | Participants received either 45mg of Pioglitazone (pio) or Placebo (matched to Pioglitazone) via oral capsule daily for 10 days, in randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over fashion. Following a 4 week wash-out period, participants were crossed over to the corresponding intervention (45mg of Pioglitazone or Placebo) via oral capsule daily for 10 days. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to investigate the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
A total of 26 adult participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the 10-day and/or the 21-day studies, with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between Pioglitazone and Placebo. Three participants in the 10-day study also participated in the 21-day study following a washout period of > 6 months.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | 2000-200 10-day Study | Participants received either 45mg of Pioglitazone (pio) or Placebo (matched to Pioglitazone) via oral capsule daily for 10 days, in randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over fashion. Following a 4 week wash-out period, participants were crossed over to the corresponding intervention (45mg of Pioglitazone or Placebo) via oral capsule daily for 10 days. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to investigate the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | A total of 26 adult participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the 10-day and/or the 21-day studies, with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between Pioglitazone and Placebo. Three participants in the 10-day study also participated in the 21-day study following a washout period of > 6 months. |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Endogenous Glucose Production (EGP) | EGP (a measure of the body's production of sugar) was measured by using a 6-hour stepped pancreatic clamp procedure under various treatment conditions (e.g., Pioglitazone or placebo at 10-days and/or 21-days), by monitoring the level of a non-radioactive, naturally occurring form of glucose (sugar). The relevant data at the end of each last 60 minute bin of each run was reported for each of the four groups up to 6 hours. Results are summarized by study arm/group and reported in milligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | mg/kg/min | Up to 6 hours |
|
Up to 10 days for participants in 10-day treatment and 21 days for participants in 21-day treatment.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | 2000-200 Study 10-day Pioglitazone | Participants received Pioglitazone (pio) 45mg via oral unmarked capsule daily for 10 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypotensive Episode | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA (Unspecified) | Non-systematic Assessment | Following clamp study, Blood Pressure (BP) 64/40, Heart Rate (HR) 88. Subject had no intake of oral fluids since 11p the night before study. Following infusion of 3 liters of intravenous fluid, subject was discharged in stable condition. BP 110/68. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prof. Meredith A. Hawkins | Albert Einstein College of Medicine | 718 430 3186 | meredith.hawkins@einsteinmed.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077205 | Pioglitazone |
| C089946 | 2,4-thiazolidinedione |
| D015309 | Glucose Clamp Technique |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D045162 | Thiazolidinediones |
| D013844 | Thiazoles |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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|
| Placebo | Drug | This was a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study in which subjects received both agents in random order, separated by a wash-out period. Following 10 or 21 days' intervention, subjects underwent a pancreatic clamp study. |
|
|
| Pancreatic Clamp Study | Procedure | During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin were infused with an IV catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
|
|
| Outcome was compared prior to and post 10-day or 21-day administration of either placebo or Pioglitazone |
| Effects of Pioglitazone on Adipose Tissue Percentage of Macrophage Content | Adipose tissue biopsy was performed on day one or on the last day (10th or 21st day) for the corresponding Pioglitazone and placebo interventions. Macrophages were stained with immunofluorescence antibody after isolation from adipose tissue and processed. The percentage of macrophage content in stromal vascular fraction cells (SVF) analyzed by Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS) was determined. Results are summarized by study arm/group and reported in milligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min). | Assessed at day 1 prior to the intervention and on day 10 or 21 following the intervention, day 10 or 21 following the intervention reported |
| Adipose Tissue Percentage of Macrophage Content | Adipose tissue percentage of macrophage content was analyzed by Immuno-fluorescence staining (iNOS+ and CD68+). Both the immuno-fluorescence stained macrophages and all other stained cells will be counted after staining. The percentage of macrophage content will be calculated as the the ratio between the number of macrophage and all other cells. | Outcome was compared between Pioglitazone and placebo group prior to and after 21-day administration |
| Adipose Tissue Regulatory T Lymphocyte Content | Adipose tissue T lymphocyte content (%) was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with Treg-specific marker FOXP3 Both the IHC FOXP3 stained T lymphocyte and all other stained cells will be counted after staining. The percentage of T lymphocyte content will be calculated as the the ratio between the number of T lymphocyte and all other cells. | Outcome was compared between Pioglitazone and placebo group prior to and after 21-day administration |
| BG001 | 2000-200 21-day Study | Participants received either 45mg of Pioglitazone (pio) or Placebo (matched to Pioglitazone) via oral capsule daily for 21 days, in randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over fashion. Following a 4 week wash-out period, participants were crossed over to the corresponding intervention (45mg of Pioglitazone or Placebo) via oral capsule daily for 21 days. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to investigate the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
For age, the mean and measure of dispersion were reported for the 16 participants completing the 21-day study of pioglitazone/placebo. For the 13 participants completing the 10-day study of pioglitazone/placebo, the mean age and standard error were also reported. |
| Mean |
| Full Range |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | A total of 26 adult participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the 10- and/or the 21-day studies. Three of the 26 participated in both the 21- and 10- day studies, with a wash-out period of > 6 months between studies. | For baseline sex/gender, the number is reported for the 13 participants completing the 21-day course, for the 10 participants completing the 10-day course, and 3 participants completing both 10- and 21-day course of pioglitazone/placebo intervention. Total number of participants is 26. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | A total of 26 adult participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the 10-day and/or the 21-day studies, with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between Pioglitazone and Placebo. Three participants in the 10-day study also participated in the 21-day study following a washout period of > 6 months. | Number | number of participants |
|
| OG001 | 2000-200 Study 10-day Placebo | Participants received placebo via oral unmarked capsule daily for 10 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| OG002 | 2000-200 Study 21-day Pioglitazone | Participants received Pioglitazone (pio) 45mg via oral unmarked capsule daily for 21 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
| OG003 | 2000-200 Study 21-day Placebo | Participants received placebo via oral unmarked capsule daily for 21 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. |
|
|
| Primary | Glucose Rates of Disappearance (Rd) | Glucose rates of disappearance were measured using a stepped pancreatic clamp study procedure under various treatment conditions (e.g., Pioglitazone or placebo at 10-days and/or 21-days) by monitoring the level of a non-radioactive, naturally occurring form of glucose (sugar). For purposes of this study, the most relevant data for the final hour is summarized within each study Pioglitazone and Placebo study arm/group, respectively. Results are summarized by study arm/group and reported in milligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | mg/kg/min | Up to 6 hours |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Gene Expression in Both Whole Fat Tissue and Isolated Macrophages | Gene expression of inflammatory markers in both whole fat tissue and isolated macrophages were studied by quantitative, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in placebo and Pioglitazone groups of either 10- or 21-day study. The reporting data was calculated as the ratio between the target genes and housekeeping genes in either the 10- or 21-day study. | Posted | Geometric Mean | Standard Error | ratio | Outcome was compared prior to and post 10-day or 21-day administration of either placebo or Pioglitazone |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Effects of Pioglitazone on Adipose Tissue Percentage of Macrophage Content | Adipose tissue biopsy was performed on day one or on the last day (10th or 21st day) for the corresponding Pioglitazone and placebo interventions. Macrophages were stained with immunofluorescence antibody after isolation from adipose tissue and processed. The percentage of macrophage content in stromal vascular fraction cells (SVF) analyzed by Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS) was determined. Results are summarized by study arm/group and reported in milligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min). | Day 1 macrophage data was not collected and reported. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | percentage of macrophage content | Assessed at day 1 prior to the intervention and on day 10 or 21 following the intervention, day 10 or 21 following the intervention reported |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adipose Tissue Percentage of Macrophage Content | Adipose tissue percentage of macrophage content was analyzed by Immuno-fluorescence staining (iNOS+ and CD68+). Both the immuno-fluorescence stained macrophages and all other stained cells will be counted after staining. The percentage of macrophage content will be calculated as the the ratio between the number of macrophage and all other cells. | Due to the unsuccessful IHF assay macrophage % content data was not collected for the 10-day study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | percentage of macrophage content | Outcome was compared between Pioglitazone and placebo group prior to and after 21-day administration |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adipose Tissue Regulatory T Lymphocyte Content | Adipose tissue T lymphocyte content (%) was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with Treg-specific marker FOXP3 Both the IHC FOXP3 stained T lymphocyte and all other stained cells will be counted after staining. The percentage of T lymphocyte content will be calculated as the the ratio between the number of T lymphocyte and all other cells. | Due to the unsuccessful IHC assay, T lymphocyte % content was unable to be collected for the 10-day study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | percentage of T lymphocyte content | Outcome was compared between Pioglitazone and placebo group prior to and after 21-day administration |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 13 |
| 0 |
| 13 |
| 0 |
| 13 |
| EG001 | 2000-200 Study 10-day Placebo | Participants received placebo via oral unmarked capsule daily for 10 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. | 0 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| EG002 | 2000-200 Study 21-day Pioglitazone | Participants received Pioglitazone (pio) 45mg via oral unmarked capsule daily for 21 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG003 | 2000-200 Study 21-day Placebo | Participants received placebo via oral unmarked capsule daily for 21 days with a wash-out period of at least 4 weeks between studies. This is a randomized, double blinded, cross-over study, so subjects who participated in the pioglitazone intervention also participated in the placebo intervention. Either placebo or pioglitazone was administered to each subject randomly for the study. The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) are infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples are collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. | 1 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 16 |
|
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| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001393 |
| Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D001774 | Blood Chemical Analysis |
| D019963 | Clinical Chemistry Tests |
| D019411 | Clinical Laboratory Techniques |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D002623 | Chemistry Techniques, Analytical |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| Adipose tissue macrophage CCR2 |
|
| Adipose tissue hyaluronan synthase expression |
|
| Adipose tissue hyaluronan receptor CD44 expression |
|
| Macrophage CD14 expression |
|
| Macrophage CD68 expression |
|
| Whole adipose tissue DEC205 |
|
| Whole adipose tissue DC SIGN |
|
| Whole adipose tissue MPO-3 |
|
| Whole adipose tissue FOXP3 |
|
| Whole adipose tissue CD25 |
|