The clinical use of Campath for transplant patients was temporarily suspended.

This is a single center, prospective, open-label, randomized trial at the University of Minnesota Medical Center,Fairview.

Primary objectives are to determine if rejection episodes and loss rates, graft survival, level of renal graft function, and patient survival rates with a Campath/MMF-based (Group 1) immunosuppressive protocol are lower than, or equal to, our protocol using thymoglobulin, tacrolimus, and MMF (Group 2).

This study will investigate the first protocol that is both steroid-free and calcineurin inhibitor-free in pancreas after kidney transplant recipients.

Secondary objectives of the study are:

1. Compare the side effects of the immunosuppressive medications between both groups. This will include anaphylactic reactions, GI side-effects, bone marrow suppression, renal dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemic effects, and effects on lipid profile.
2. Compare the incidence of infections between both groups.

Comparison parameters are:

1. Pancreas and kidney graft failure
2. Patient death
3. Clinical and biopsy documented rejection episodes
4. Patient dropout (non-compliance with the study protocol)
5. Kidney function as assessed by creatinine clearance or biopsy
6. Need to change immunosuppression regimen
7. Quality-adjusted Life Years

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Previous kidney transplant from a living or deceased donor and a deceased- donor pancreas transplant.

2. Recipient age 18-60 years

3. Donor age 10-59 years

4. Females of childbearing potential should have a negative pregnancy test, and agree to practice birth control for the duration of the study.

5. Enteric or bladder drained pancreas transplant.

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Exclusion Criteria:

1. Use of an investigational drug in the last 1-year.
2. Positive T or B cell crossmatch.
3. WBC<3000 at enrollment
4. Platelet count <50,000 at enrollment
5. History of malignancy (exclusive of minor skin cancers)
6. Inability to give informed consent
7. Systemic infections
8. Major active or chronic infections, including documented HIV infection (by any licensed ELISA and confirmation by Western Blot).
9. Serology negative for EBV pre-transplant.
10. No other previous organ transplants other than pancreas and/or kidney. -