The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of mothers' breastfeeding with the effects of pacifier sucking on preterm infant biobehavioural responses during and immediately after a painful procedure

Hypothesis:

1. When breast fed by their mothers during blood collection, preterm infants will show less pain reaction than when sucking on a pacifier.
2. Following breast feeding during the blood collection, mothers will find no differences in their infants' breast feeding ability.

Research Method:

In a within subjects, randomized, cross-over design, 50 stable preterm infants born between 30-36 weeks gestational age will be studied. Infants will be randomized to two interventions which will take place during two separate blood collections that are required for clinical management. For the standard care condition, infants will remain in their isolettes and will be positioned in prone and given a pacifier to suck on throughout the blood collection. For the feeding condition, infants will be held and then breast fed by their mother during the blood collection.

Inclusion Criteria:

• born between 30-36 weeks gestational age
• breastfeeding
• mother has fluent English

Exclusion Criteria:

• CNS injury
• congenital anomaly
• active infection
• has had surgeries or analgesics/sedatives in last 72 hours
• history of maternal drug exposure