A progressive decline of plasma triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) concentration indicates a favorable clinical evolution during the recovery phase of sepsis. The expression of TREM-1 in dialysate of peritoneal dialysis patients was not yet documented. We will collect the dialysate of peritonitis in peritoenal dialysis patients and analyze the time serial change.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and its expression is upregulated on phagocytic cells in the presence of bacteria or fungi (1). Several experiments by Bouchon and colleagues showed that TREM-1 mediates the acute inflammatory response to microbial products. Human tissues infected with bacteria are infiltrated with neutrophils and macrophages that express high levels of TREM-1. Conversely, TREM-1 is only weakly expressed in samples from patients with noninfectious inflammatory disorders. In addition, TREM-1 is shed from the membrane of activated phagocytes and can be found in a soluble form in body fluids. The presence of a soluble form of TREM-1 in samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mechanically ventilated patients has been shown to be a good indicator of infectious pneumonia. During sepsis, a progressive decline of plasma sTREM-1 concentration indicates a favorable clinical evolution during the recovery phase of sepsis. In addition, baseline sTREM-1 level may prove useful in predicting outcome of septic patients. We will collect the dialysate of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients and analyze the time serials change.

Inclusion Criteria:

peritoneal dialysis patients, dialysis period for more than 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

age younger than 18 years old, Pregnant or lactating women. (Pre-menopause women, capable of bearing children will undergo pregnancy test)