Treating Patients With Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Interleukin-2

Multicenter Protocol in Treating Patients With Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Randomized Study of Maintenance Treatment With Interleukin-2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interest of maintenance treatment with interleukin-2 by randomizing the patients being not allogeneic transplanted in complete remission after induction and consolidation chemotherapy concerning the event free survival.

We designed an open randomized study to evaluate the interest of maintenance treatment with interleukin-2 by randomizing the patients being not allogeneic transplanted in complete remission after induction and consolidation chemotherapy concerning the event free survival. A total of 580 patients will be accrued over 7 years. Treatment consists in subcutaneous application of interleukin-2 in treating patients with complete remission by a monthly regimen of 5 days during 1 year after having received a chemotherapy consisting of 1 induction and 3 consolidation treatments.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: 0 to 18 years
• Prior untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of following cytological types : FAB M0, M1, M2, M4, M4 eosinophil, M5, M6, M7, without FAB classification or showing myelodysplasia (blasts > 20 %)
• Isolated myeloid sarcoma
• Achieved complete remission
• No HLA identical family donor, except for the patients with t(8;21)
• No contraindication for the use of interleukin-2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Trisomy 21
• Promyelocytic leukemia (M3) or M3 variations
• Secondary AML