This phase II trial is studying how well sorafenib works in treating patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer. Sorafenib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and by blocking blood flow to the tumor.

OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine whether the objective response rate is ≥ 20% in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer treated with sorafenib.

II. Determine the survival of patients treated with this drug. III. Determine the safety profile of this drug in these patients. IV. Determine the pharmacokinetic predictors of response to this drug in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.

Patients receive oral sorafenib twice daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed for survival.

Criteria:

• Progressive disease after prior cytotoxic chemotherapy (i.e., chemotherapy alone or combined with radiotherapy)

• No symptomatic bulky disease that would impair the airway or impede swallowing (for patients with ECOG performance status 2)

• No known brain metastases

• Measurable or evaluable disease

  • Measurable disease, defined as ≥ 1 unidimensionally measurable lesion >= 20 mm by conventional techniques OR >= 10 mm by spiral CT scan
  • Measurable disease not in a previously irradiated field

• Patients with evidence of abnormal cardiac conduction (e.g., bundle branch block or heart block) are eligible provided disease has been stable for the past 6 months

• Performance status:

  • ECOG 0-2 OR Karnofsky 50-100%

• Life expectancy more than 8 weeks

• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,250/mm3

• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm3

• No evidence of bleeding diathesis

• Bilirubin =< 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)

• PTT =< 1.5 times ULN

• Creatinine =< 1.5 times ULN

• No myocardial infarction within the past 6 months

• No New York Heart Association class III or IV cardiac disease

• No symptomatic congestive heart failure

• No unstable angina pectoris

• No uncontrolled hypertension (i.e., systolic blood pressure (BP) > 150 mm Hg OR diastolic BP > 100 mm Hg)

• Not pregnant or nursing

• Negative pregnancy test

• Fertile patients must use effective contraception

• Able to swallow oral medication

• No history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biological composition to sorafenib

• No ongoing or active infection

• No psychiatric illness or social situation that would preclude study compliance

• No other invasive malignancy within the past 5 years except nonmelanoma skin cancer

• No other uncontrolled illness

• No more than 2 prior systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens (combined modality systemic cytoxic chemotherapy is considered 1 prior cytotoxic regimen)

• At least 7 days since prior chemotherapy and recovered

• At least 7 days since prior radiotherapy and recovered

• No prior sorafenib or other inhibitors of MAP kinase signaling intermediates

• No prior cancer treatment that would preclude study participation

• No concurrent combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive patients

• No other concurrent investigational agents

• No concurrent cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, or phenobarbital)

• No concurrent Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) or rifampin

• No concurrent therapeutic anticoagulation (concurrent prophylactic anticoagulation (i.e., low-dose warfarin) for venous or arterial access devices allowed provided requirements for INR and PTT are met)

• No other concurrent anticancer therapy

• Histologically confirmed anaplastic* thyroid cancer

  • Not amenable to definitive curative surgery or radiotherapy [Note: *Papillary, follicular, or other histologies that are mixed or identified in a diagnostic tissue sample are allowed provided a high-grade undifferentiated anaplastic component is present ]

• No cardiac arrhythmia

• AST and ALT =< 3.5 times ULN

• INR < 2.0

Adverse events were collected weekly for the duration that the patients started on treatment to end of study.

The study met the pre-specified criteria for enrollment of all planned 32 patients. However due to poor accrual the study was halted.