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Aim:
The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed a reduction in cardiovascular events in obese patients with type-2-diabetes treated with metformin compared with other hypoglycaemic treatments with no difference in glycemic control between treatments. Non-obese patients with type-2-diabetes are usually treated with insulin-secretagogues or insulin when diet fails. Since non-obese patients with type-2-diabetes also carry a high risk of cardiovascular events, the use of metformin for this sub-group of patients might be more beneficial. Moreover, when insulin-treatment is initiated ongoing oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) are often continued, but in non-obese patients with type-2 diabetes little evidence exist for choosing the optimal class of OHA to be combined with insulin. The aim of the project is therefore to investigate the effect of metformin vs. an insulin-secretagogue (repaglinide) in combination with insulin on glycemic control and non-glycemic cardiovascular risk-factors in non-obese patients with type-2-diabetes, uncontrolled on diet alone.
Methodology:
Single-center, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel study involving 100 non-obese (BMI 27 kg/m2 or lower) patients with type-2-diabetes investigating the effect of treatment with metformin vs. repaglinide each in combination with biphasic insulin (Insulin-aspart 30/70, BIAsp30) for a period of 12 months.
After four months run-in with repaglinide plus metformin combination-therapy, patients with HemoglobinA1c ≥6.5% will be randomized (baseline=0 month) to repaglinide 2 mg thrice-daily or metformin 1g twice-daily, both in combination with BIAsp30 (30% insulin-aspart; 70% protaminated insulin-aspart) (6U once-daily, pre-dinner) for 12 months.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Active Comparator | BIAsp30 plus Metformin plus Placebo-Repaglinide. Double-Masked and randomized. Duration: 12 months. |
|
| 2 | Active Comparator | BIAsp30 plus Repaglinide plus Placebo-Metformin. Double-masked and randomized. Duration: 12 months. |
|
| 1 | Other | Run-in period of four months duration with Repaglinide 6 mg daily plus Metformin 2000 mg daily. No masking of interventions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | Drug | Tablets of 500 mg; 1000 mg two times daily. |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic control (HbA1c). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hypoglycaemic events | ||
| Home monitored plasma-glucose profiles | ||
| Insulin-dose |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Allan A Vaag, M.D. Chief Physician | Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steno Diabetes Center | Gentofte Municipality | 2820 | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19900993 | Derived | Lund SS, Tarnow L, Frandsen M, Nielsen BB, Hansen BV, Pedersen O, Parving HH, Vaag AA. Combining insulin with metformin or an insulin secretagogue in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 12 month, randomised, double blind trial. BMJ. 2009 Nov 9;339:b4324. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4324. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008687 | Metformin |
| C072379 | repaglinide |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001645 | Biguanides |
| D006146 | Guanidines |
| D000578 | Amidines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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| Insulin BIAsp30 (Novolog 70/30) |
| Drug |
Subcutaneous injection. Starting dose 6 units. Titration according to glycaemic targets during the entire intervention period. |
|
| Repaglinide | Drug | Tablets of 1 mg; Dosage: 2 mg three times daily. |
|
| Placebo-Metformin | Drug | Tablets corresponding to 500 mg; two tablets two times daily. |
|
| Placebo-Repaglinide | Drug | Tablet corresponding to 1 mg; two tablets three times daily. |
|
| Non-glycemic cardiovascular risk factors: 24h blood-pressure measurement |
| 24h urinary albumin excretion-rate. |
| Fasting and postprandial 5-point-profiles of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, p-glucose, c-peptide and insulin after a standard test-meal |
| Markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and fibrinolysis including Small-dense-LDL, Lp(a) and Apo B100, von Willebrand-factor, ICAM, VCAM, selectin, endothelin, Amadori-protein, CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6, TNF-alfa, ADMA, PAI- and t-PA-activity |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |