This is a long-term follow-up study of people who are identified during acute or recent HIV infection and are being followed at clinical research sites associated with the Acute HIV Infection and Early Disease Research Program (AIEDRP).

AIEDRP was established to develop and evaluate data from studies of patients with acute or recent HIV infection. Long-term effects of antiretroviral therapies raise questions regarding the value and necessity of therapeutic interventions during acute and early HIV infection. Conventional randomized clinical trials are generally designed with finite endpoints; most patients who reach an endpoint or complete a protocol are no longer followed. As a result, long-term virologic, immunologic, and clinical outcome data are not available. This is particularly true for participants who fail therapy, require changes in treatment, or develop a treatment-limiting toxicity in a time-limited study.

This database study will establish a cohort of HIV infected individuals who are participating in HIV studies at AIEDRP sites and of HIV infected individuals who have chosen to defer therapy but agree to be followed by this study. The study will facilitate longitudinal and prospectively planned meta-analyses or cross-protocol analyses of AIEDRP studies by developing data collection guidelines, defining common research goals, and creating data templates. The primary aim is to determine the long-term virologic, immunologic, and clinical outcomes and complications for patients who were diagnosed during acute or early HIV infection.

Participants in this study will be followed for at least 5 years. Study visits will occur at Weeks 2, 4, and 12, and then every 12 weeks thereafter, through Week 96. After 2 years, study visits will occur every 24 weeks until the end of the study. Participants who start antiretroviral therapy at or after Week 2 will restart the study visit schedule. Study visits will include a medical interview, adherence questionnaire, and blood tests. Duplicate tests performed as part of another study will not be performed if the results of those tests are available.

Inclusion Criteria

• Documented acute or recent HIV infection
• Willing to allow study investigators access to and use of participant's medical information from other AIEDRP clinical trials
• Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent, if applicable
• If enrolled at an AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) site, must also be participating in one of the following clinical trials: AIN501/ACTG A5216, AIN503/ACTG A5217, or AIN504/ACTG A5218

Exclusion Criteria

• More than 7 days of antiretroviral therapy prior to study entry without adequate documentation of pretreatment viral load and CD4 count. Individuals who have failed postexposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral treatment are not excluded from enrollment.
• Any factor that, in the opinion of the study official, may interfere with study participation