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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 03-M-0093 |
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Fear and anxiety are normal responses to a threat. However, anxiety is considered abnormal when the response to the threat is excessive or inappropriate. This study will examine changes in the body and brain that occur during unpleasant learning experiences in healthy volunteers with high, moderate, and low levels of anxiety.
A high degree of generalized anxiety is a component of many anxiety disorders and is regarded as a marker of vulnerability for these disorders. People with anxiety disorders and individuals with high degrees of anxiety have inappropriate expectations of unpleasant events. This study will investigate the development of expecting unpleasant events in healthy volunteers with varying degrees of anxiety using aversive conditioning models. A later phase of the study will enroll participants with anxiety disorders and compare their responses to those of healthy volunteers.
Patients who meet criteria for an anxiety disorder, and healthy volunteers who have no history of psychiatric or major medical illness will be enrolled in this study. Volunteers will come to the NIH Clinical Center three times for outpatient testing....
High-generalized anxiety is a concomitant of many anxiety disorders and is often regarded as a vulnerability marker for these disorders. One characteristic of patients with anxiety disorders and high trait-anxious individuals is inappropriate expectancies of aversive events. The overall aim of the present protocol is to investigate mechanisms that may promote the development of these aversive expectancies using expectancy-based, associative-learning models.
During aversive conditioning in which a phasic explicit-cue (e.g., a light) is repeatedly associated with an aversive unconditioned-stimulus (e.g., a shock), the organism develops fear to the explicit cue as well as to the environmental context in which the experiment took place. We have obtained preliminary evidence suggesting that contextual fear represents aspects of aversive states that are central to anxiety disorders. In this protocol, we seek further evidence for the relevance of contextual fear to mood anxiety disorders.
One important determinant of contextual fear in both humans and animals is predictability: contextual fear increases when aversive events (e.g., electric shock) are unpredictable, as opposed to when they are predictable. The present protocol will examine the role of predictability of aversive states and of conditioning on threat appraisal in individuals with mood and anxiety disorders.
A second aim is to examine the interaction between experimentally-induced anxiety and cognitive processes, more specifically working memory, in mood and anxiety disorders.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Participants | Experimental | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses (NPU): physiological responses to different threat of shock conditions - no shock, unpredictable shock, and predictable-cued shock. Substudy 2/ Working Memory Task: Subjects performed a working memory task under threat of shock and in safety. Substudy 5 /Face Stroop Task: Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise intermixed with pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Substudy 7/ Active Avoidance Signal Task (AAST) and Sustained Attention Response Task (SART): In AAST, participants performed paradigms which tested whether threats impact the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In SART, participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a go or nogo response. Pilot Tasks: Participants completed one/more tasks: nerve stimulation, short speech, air burst, saliva samples, squeezer task, virtual reality task, or computer-based task. |
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| Anxiety subjects | Experimental | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses (NPU): physiological responses to different threat of shock conditions - no shock, unpredictable shock, and predictable-cued shock. Substudy 2/ Working Memory Task: Subjects performed a working memory task under threat of shock and in safety. Substudy 5 /Face Stroop Task: Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise intermixed with pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Substudy 7/ Active Avoidance Signal Task (AAST) and Sustained Attention Response Task (SART): In AAST, participants performed paradigms which tested whether threats impact the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In SART, participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a go or nogo response. Pilot Tasks: Participants completed one/more tasks: nerve stimulation, short speech, air burst, saliva samples, squeezer task, virtual reality task, or computer-based task. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Threat of shock | Device | During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive as shock. Participants selected their highest tolerable level of shock. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Percent of Correct Button Presses During Threat Compared to the Safe Condition (AAST) | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of each trial type. Improvement in accuracy was measured as a higher percent of correct button presses during threat compared to safety. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Change in Percent of Correct no Button Presses During Threat Compared to the Safe Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of each trial type. Improvement in accuracy was measured as a higher percent of correct button presses during threat compared to safety. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Correct-go Reaction Time (RT) - Safe Condition | Correct go responses were go trials followed by button press. Reaction time (RT) is the time it takes to respond to stimuli. Participants RTs were measured while undergoing alternating periods of safety and shock threat conditions i.e. while anticipating unpleasant electric shocks (threat) or no shock (safe). Mean reaction time (RT) was calculated for correct-go to evaluate speed-accuracy trade-off. |
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INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Inclusion criteria for both patients and healthy controls
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Exclusion criteria for healthy subjects
Exclusion criteria for patients
Additional exclusion criteria for the active avoidance task
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Monique Ernst, M.D. | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Bethesda | Maryland | 20892 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8018793 | Background | Grillon C, Ameli R, Goddard A, Woods SW, Davis M. Baseline and fear-potentiated startle in panic disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1994 Apr 1;35(7):431-9. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90040-x. | |
| 9821567 | Background | Grillon C, Morgan CA 3rd, Davis M, Southwick SM. Effects of experimental context and explicit threat cues on acoustic startle in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Nov 15;44(10):1027-36. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00034-1. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page | View source |
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.We plan to only share de-identified data in a repository. No identified data will be shared.
The data will be placed into a repository indefinitely. We plan to start uploading data in the next few months and continue until project completion.
Questionnaire and biophysiological data will be shared into the DSP and repository.
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All sub-studies were conducted at different time points so subjects had the option to participate in multiple sub-studies.
921 participants were consented and performed one or more tasks. 3 participated did not perform any study related tasks.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Healthy Participants | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses: This experiment examined physiological responses including startle reflex to different threat of shock conditions (neutral (N)- no shock, unpredictable - shock at any time, and predictable -cued shock (P)). Each of these conditions were signaled by a written text displayed on a computer monitor (e.g., shock only when blue square present). Substudy 2/ Working Memory Task: Subjects performed a working memory task in two conditions, under threat of shock and in safety (no threat of shock). Substudy 5 /Face Stroop Task: Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Intermixed with the faces were pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Subjects indicated which emotion the face displayed. Accurate response was used as measure of facial emotion recognition. Substudy 7/ Active Avoidance and Sustained Attention Tasks: In the active avoidance signal task (AAST), participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In the sustained attention response task (SART), participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a response (i.e. "go") or inhibited their response (i.e. "stop") based on what stimuli were presented. Pilot Tasks: Participants completed one/more task: nerve stimulation, short speech, air burst, saliva samples, squeezer task, virtual reality task, or computer-based task. |
| FG001 | Anxiety Subjects | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses: This experiment examined physiological responses including startle reflex to different threat of shock conditions (neutral (N)- no shock, unpredictable - shock at any time, and predictable -cued shock (P)). Each of these conditions were signaled by a written text displayed on a computer monitor (e.g., shock only when blue square present). Substudy 2/ Working Memory Task: Subjects performed a working memory task in two conditions, under threat of shock and in safety (no threat of shock). Substudy 5 /Face Stroop Task: Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Intermixed with the faces were pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Subjects indicated which emotion the face displayed. Accurate response was used as measure of facial emotion recognition. Substudy 7/ Active Avoidance and Sustained Attention Tasks: In the active avoidance signal task (AAST), participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In the sustained attention response task (SART), participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a response (i.e. "go") or inhibited their response (i.e. "stop") based on what stimuli were presented. Pilot Tasks: Participants completed one/more task: nerve stimulation, short speech, air burst, saliva samples, squeezer task, virtual reality task, or computer-based task. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses | This experiment examined physiological responses including startle reflex to different threat of shock conditions (neutral (N)- no shock, unpredictable - shock at any time , and predictable -cued shock (P)) in subjects with anxiety disorders and healthy control. Each of these conditions were signaled by a written text displayed on a computer monitor (e.g., shock only when blue square present). |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Study comprised of several sub-studies with the aim of comparing Healthy participants to Anxiety participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Percent of Correct Button Presses During Threat Compared to the Safe Condition (AAST) | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of each trial type. Improvement in accuracy was measured as a higher percent of correct button presses during threat compared to safety. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the active avoidance signal task (AAST). Two healthy controls were excluded from analyses. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 2000 ms during trial |
1 day
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses - Healthy Participants | This experiment examined physiological responses including startle reflex to different threat of shock conditions (neutral (N)- no shock, unpredictable - shock at any time , and predictable -cued shock (P)) in subjects with anxiety disorders and healthy control. Each of these conditions were signaled by a written text displayed on a computer monitor (e.g., shock only when blue square present). |
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This protocol was a series of sub-studies using sample subjects which explains the low numbers of participants per study.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr Maryland Pao | National Institute of Mental Health | (301) 435 5770 | paom@mail.nih.gov |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 4, 2021 | Dec 9, 2022 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D000379 | Agoraphobia |
| D016584 | Panic Disorder |
| D000098647 | Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D010698 | Phobic Disorders |
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| 2000 ms during trial |
| Correct-go Reaction Time (RT) - Threat Condition | Correct go responses were go trials followed by button press. Reaction time (RT) is the time it takes to respond to stimuli. Participants RTs were measured while undergoing alternating periods of safety and shock threat conditions i.e. while anticipating unpleasant electric shocks (threat) or no shock (safe). Mean reaction time (RT) was calculated for correct-go to evaluate speed-accuracy trade-off. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Go Correct Hits Followed by Button Press - Safe Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Go Correct Hits Followed by Button Press - Threat Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent (91%) 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent (9%) 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Nogo Trials Followed by no Button Press - Safe Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Nogo Trials Followed by no Button Press - Threat Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | 2000 ms during trial |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
| Subjective Rating of Difficulty With Attention During Safe Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
| Subjective Rating of Difficulty With Attention During Threat Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
| Subjective Rating of Level of Anxiety During Safe Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
| Subjective Rating of Level of Anxiety During Threat Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
| 10066999 | Background | Grillon C, Morgan CA 3rd. Fear-potentiated startle conditioning to explicit and contextual cues in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 1999 Feb;108(1):134-42. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.108.1.134. |
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| BG001 | Substudy 2/Working Memory Task | Subjects performed a working memory task in two conditions, under threat of shock and in safety (no threat of shock). Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. |
| BG002 | Substudy 5/Face Stroop Task | Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise (Ekman, 1993). Intermixed with the faces were pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Subjects indicated which emotion the face displayed. Accurate response was used as measure of facial emotion recognition. Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. |
| BG003 | Substudy 7/Active Avoidance and Sustained Attention Tasks | In the active avoidance signal task (AAST), participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In the sustained attention response task (SART), participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a response (i.e. "go") or inhibited their response (i.e. "stop") based on what stimuli were presented. Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. |
| BG004 | Pilot Task | Participants completed one or more pilot tasks: nerve stimulation, short speech in front of a small audience or in a virtual environment, burst of air to neck, provide saliva samples for cortisol analysis, squeeze a grip device, virtual reality task, and/or computer based experimental tasks. |
| BG005 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Count of Participants |
| Participants |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Study comprised of several sub-studies with the aim of comparing Healthy participants to Anxiety participants | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Study comprised of several sub-studies with the aim of comparing Healthy participants to Anxiety participants | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Study comprised of several sub-studies with the aim of comparing Healthy participants to Anxiety participants | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|
| OG000 | Substudy 7/ Active Avoidance Signal Task (AAST) - Healthy Participants | Participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses |
| OG001 | Substudy 7/ Active Avoidance Signal Task (AAST) - Anxiety Patients | Participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses |
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| Primary | Change in Percent of Correct no Button Presses During Threat Compared to the Safe Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of each trial type. Improvement in accuracy was measured as a higher percent of correct button presses during threat compared to safety. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the active avoidance signal task (AAST). Two healthy controls were excluded from analyses. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Correct-go Reaction Time (RT) - Safe Condition | Correct go responses were go trials followed by button press. Reaction time (RT) is the time it takes to respond to stimuli. Participants RTs were measured while undergoing alternating periods of safety and shock threat conditions i.e. while anticipating unpleasant electric shocks (threat) or no shock (safe). Mean reaction time (RT) was calculated for correct-go to evaluate speed-accuracy trade-off. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the Sustained attention response task (SART). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | milliseconds (ms) | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Correct-go Reaction Time (RT) - Threat Condition | Correct go responses were go trials followed by button press. Reaction time (RT) is the time it takes to respond to stimuli. Participants RTs were measured while undergoing alternating periods of safety and shock threat conditions i.e. while anticipating unpleasant electric shocks (threat) or no shock (safe). Mean reaction time (RT) was calculated for correct-go to evaluate speed-accuracy trade-off. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the Sustained attention response task (SART). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | milliseconds (ms) | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Go Correct Hits Followed by Button Press - Safe Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the Sustained attention response task (SART). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Proportion of correct responses | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Go Correct Hits Followed by Button Press - Threat Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent (91%) 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent (9%) 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the sustained attention response task (SART). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Proportion of correct responses | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Nogo Trials Followed by no Button Press - Safe Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the sustained attention response task (SART). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Proportion of correct responses | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Nogo Trials Followed by no Button Press - Threat Condition | Subjects participated in go/no go (GNG) task condition during periods of threat of shocks and periods of safety when no shock could be administered. During the GNG stimuli were presented on a monitor. In the GNG task, participants were asked to respond to frequent 'go' stimuli ('=') by pressing the '2' on the keypad of a computer keyboard and to withhold their response to infrequent 'nogo' stimuli ('O'). Stimuli were randomly distributed. A correct go hit was a response recorded during these 2000 ms to a go trial. Similarly, a correct nogo omission was a no response during the same period to a nogo trial. Performance was determined for each condition (threat, safe) and trial type (go, nogo) by dividing the number of correct response by the total number of each trial type. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 7 who completed the sustained attention response task (SART). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Proportion of correct responses | 2000 ms during trial |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Congruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Positive Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Negative Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Safe Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Stroop Effect on Accuracy During Incongruent Task Viewing Neutral Images: Threat Condition | Participants watched as six trial types differing by congruence and emotion (negative, neutral, positive) were presented during condition blocks (safe, threat) on a computer screen. Each trial began with a fixation point which was then immediately followed by a picture stimulus, followed by a numerical display, followed by a repeat of the picture stimulus, and followed by a blank screen. During threat, a participant could receive a shock. During safe, a participant could not receive a shock. The effect of accuracy on congruence across negative, positive, and neutral images in threat and safe conditions was assessed by participants accurate identification of facial expression. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Percentage of accurate responses | 11.2 minutes per run for a total of 22.4 minutes |
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| Primary | Subjective Rating of Difficulty With Attention During Safe Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
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| Primary | Subjective Rating of Difficulty With Attention During Threat Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Units on a scale | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
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| Primary | Subjective Rating of Level of Anxiety During Safe Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Units on a scale | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
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| Primary | Subjective Rating of Level of Anxiety During Threat Condition | Following tasks completion, participants provided retrospective ratings of: anxiety and attention during safe and threat conditions using an analog scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). Participants rated overall subjective difficulty with attention ('How difficult was it to pay attention during threat/safe?') and level of anxiety ('How anxious were you during threat/safe?'). Retrospective ratings of anxiety and difficulty with attention were analyzed with two way Diagnosis x Condition (safe, threat) ANOVA. | Analysis included only participants in sub-study 5 who completed the face stroop task. Two participants were excluded from the final analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Units on a scale | Assessed immediately after completing the affective Stroop task |
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| 0 |
| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| EG001 | Substudy 1/ Neutral, Predictable, and Unpredictable Responses - Anxiety Subjects | This experiment examined physiological responses including startle reflex to different threat of shock conditions (neutral (N)- no shock, unpredictable - shock at any time , and predictable -cued shock (P)) in subjects with anxiety disorders and healthy control. Each of these conditions were signaled by a written text displayed on a computer monitor (e.g., shock only when blue square present). | 0 | 78 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 78 |
| EG002 | Substudy 2/Working Memory Task - Healthy Participants | Subjects performed a working memory task in two conditions, under threat of shock and in safety (no threat of shock). Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 |
| EG003 | Substudy 2/Working Memory Task - Anxiety Subjects | Subjects performed a working memory task in two conditions, under threat of shock and in safety (no threat of shock). Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. | 0 | 35 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 35 |
| EG004 | Substudy 5/Face Stroop Task - Healthy Participants | Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Intermixed with the faces were pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Subjects indicated which emotion the face displayed. Accurate response was used as measure of facial emotion recognition. Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. | 0 | 33 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 33 |
| EG005 | Substudy 5/Face Stroop Task - Anxiety Subjects | Stimuli were pictures of faces exhibiting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Intermixed with the faces were pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Subjects indicated which emotion the face displayed. Accurate response was used as measure of facial emotion recognition. Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. | 0 | 36 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 36 |
| EG006 | Substudy 7/Active Avoidance and Sustained Attention Tasks - Healthy Participants | In the active avoidance signal task (AAST), participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In the sustained attention response task (SART), participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a response (i.e. "go") or inhibited their response (i.e. "stop") based on what stimuli were presented. Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. | 0 | 65 | 0 | 65 | 0 | 65 |
| EG007 | Substudy 7/Active Avoidance and Sustained Attention Tasks - Anxiety Subjects | In the active avoidance signal task (AAST), participants performed paradigms which tested whether threat impacts the initiation and the inhibition of behavioral responses. In the sustained attention response task (SART), participants were presented with stimuli and either initiated a response (i.e. "go") or inhibited their response (i.e. "stop") based on what stimuli were presented. Subjects included participants with anxiety disorder and healthy volunteer. | 0 | 91 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 91 |
| EG008 | Pilot Tasks - Healthy Participants | Participants completed one or more pilot tasks: nerve stimulation, short speech in front of a small audience or in a virtual environment, burst of air to neck, provide saliva samples for cortisol analysis, squeeze a grip device, virtual reality task, and/or computer based experimental tasks. | 0 | 406 | 0 | 406 | 0 | 406 |
| EG009 | Pilot Tasks - Anxiety Subjects | Participants completed one or more pilot tasks: nerve stimulation, short speech in front of a small audience or in a virtual environment, burst of air to neck, provide saliva samples for cortisol analysis, squeeze a grip device, virtual reality task, and/or computer based experimental tasks. | 0 | 183 | 0 | 183 | 0 | 183 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Between 18 and 65 years |
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| >=65 years |
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| Male |
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| Not Hispanic or Latino |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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| Asian |
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| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
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| Black or African American |
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| White |
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| More than one race |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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