The primary objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of thalidomide for the treatment of anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

• Eligible patients must have a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome
• Life expectancy of at least 6 months.
• Patients must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements.
• Patients must understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent document.
• Women of childbearing potential (WCBP) must agree to practice abstinence or to use TWO methods of contraception beginning 4 weeks prior to the start of study medication and throughout the course of treatment.
• Males must use barrier contraception when engaging in reproductive sexual activity with women of childbearing potential.