A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ganciclovir for the Prevention of CMV Disease in People Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ganciclovir for the Prevention of CMV Disease in People Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

To evaluate the efficacy of oral ganciclovir in preventing progression to cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (e.g., CMV retinitis, gastrointestinal CMV disease) in CMV-infected people with HIV infection and CD4 lymphocyte counts <= 100 cells/mm3. To evaluate the efficacy of this drug in reducing morbidity associated with coinfection by both CMV and HIV.

Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

• Topical or ophthalmic nucleoside analogs.

Patients must have:

• Confirmation of HIV infection.
• Documented CMV infection.
• No past or present CMV disease (e.g., retinitis, colitis, esophagitis).
• Adequate visualization of the retina of both eyes by ophthalmologist.
• CD4 count <= 50 cells/mm3 (in patients WITHOUT a history of an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or chronic gynecologic infection) OR CD4 count <= 100 cells/mm3 (in patients WITH a history of an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or chronic gynecologic infection).

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

• Presence of gastrointestinal disease or symptoms not controlled with medications (e.g., persistent nausea, abdominal pain or persistent diarrhea within the past 4 weeks that is not controllable with medication).
• Inability to comply with protocol.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

• The following nucleoside analogs:
• IV ganciclovir, IV acyclovir for more than 2 weeks total duration, oral acyclovir at doses > 1000 mg/day, vidarabine, amantadine hydrochloride, cytarabine, idoxuridine.
• FIAU, FIAC, foscarnet, CMV hyperimmune globulin, IV immune globulin, CMV monoclonal antibody, HPMPC.
• Imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin).

Patients with the following prior condition are excluded:

History of hypersensitivity to acyclovir.

Prior Medication:

Excluded within the past 60 days:

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, FIAC, FIAU, CMV hyperimmune globulin, CMV monoclonal antibody, or HPMPC.